Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Diphtheria/Tetanus Toxoid/Pertussis/ Poliomyelitis Immunisation

Flahault, Antoine; Messiah, Antoine; Jougla, Éric; Bouvet, E.; Perin, João Lucas da Rosa; Hatton, F

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)91369-4

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[312][313][314][315] Casecontrol studies were performed to evaluate this temporal association. Four of the 6 studies found no relationship between diphtheria-tetanuspertussis vaccination and subsequent SIDS, [316][317][318][319] and results of the other 2 studies suggested a temporal relationship but only in specific subgroup anal- [323][324][325] ; however, confounding factors (social, maternal, birth, and infant medical history) might account for this protective effect. 326 It also has been theorized that the decreased SIDS rate immediately after vaccination was attributable to infants being healthier at time of immunization, or "the healthy vaccinee effect."…”

Section: Infants Should Be Immunized In Accordance With Recommendatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Expansion of Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment

Moon¹

2011

Pediatrics

219

115

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Despite a major decrease in the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) since the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) released its recommendation in 1992 that infants be placed for sleep in a nonprone position, this decline has plateaued in recent years. Concurrently, other causes of sudden unexpected infant death occurring during sleep (sleep-related deaths), including suffocation, asphyxia, and entrapment, and ill-defined or unspecified causes of death have increased in incidence, particularly since the AAP published its last statement on SIDS in 2005. It has become increasingly important to address these other causes of sleep-related infant death. Many of the modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for SIDS and suffocation are strikingly similar. The AAP, therefore, is expanding its recommendations from being only SIDS-focused to focusing on a safe sleep environment that can reduce the risk of all sleep-related infant deaths including SIDS. The recommendations described in this report include supine positioning, use of a firm sleep surface, breastfeeding, room-sharing without bed-sharing, routine immunization, consideration of a pacifier, and avoidance of soft bedding, overheating, and exposure to tobacco smoke, alcohol, and illicit drugs. The rationale for these recommendations is discussed in detail in this technical report. The recommendations are published in the accompanying “Policy Statement—Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Expansion of Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment,” which is included in this issue (www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2011-2220).

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Section: Infants Should Be Immunized In Accordance With Recommendatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Expansion of Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment

Moon¹

2011

Pediatrics

219

115

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“…During the past 20 years sporadic reports1 – 4 and some methodologically weak case-control studies 5 6 showed a possible association. However, a series of studies came to the opposite conclusion,7 – 11 and one raised the possibility that an accelerated immunisation programme directly contributed to a reduction in these deaths 12.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The UK accelerated immunisation programme and sudden unexpected death in infancy: case-control study

Fleming

Blair²,

Platt³

et al. 2001

BMJ

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Objectives To investigate whether the accelerated immunisation programme in the United Kingdom is associated, after adjustment for potential confounding, with the sudden infant death syndrome. Design Population based case-control study, February 1993 to March 1996. Parental interviews were conducted for each death and for four controls matched for age, locality, and time of sleep. Immunisation status was taken from records held by the parents. Setting Five regions in England with a combined population of over 17 million. Subjects Immunisation details were available for 93% (303/325) of infants whose deaths were attributed to the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); 90% (65/72) of infants with explained sudden deaths; and 95% (1515/1588) of controls. Results After all potential confounding factors were controlled for, immunisation uptake was strongly associated with a lower risk of SIDS (odds ratio 0.45 (95% confidence interval 0.24 to 0.85)). This difference became non-significant (0.67 (0.31 to 1.43)) after further adjustment for other factors specific to the infant's sleeping environment. Similar proportions of SIDS deaths and reference sleeps (corresponding to the time of day during which the index baby had died) among the controls occurred within 48 hours of the last vaccination (5% (7/149) v 5% (41/822)) and within two weeks (21% (31/149) v 27% (224/822)). No longer term temporal association with immunisation was found (P = 0.78). Of the SIDS infants who died within two weeks of vaccination, 16% (5/31) had signs and symptoms of illness that suggested that medical contact was required, compared with 26% (16/61) of the non-immunised SIDS infants of similar age. The findings for the infants who died suddenly and unexpectedly but of explained causes mirrored those for SIDS infants. Conclusions Immunisation does not lead to sudden unexpected death in infancy, and the direction of the relation is towards protection rather than risk.

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“…SIDS is diagnosed by exclusion because no truly diagnostic feature or set of characteristics has been identified. Sleeping position (Lee et al, 1989;Oudesluys-Murphy et al, 1988), heart rate variation (Schechtman et al, 1989;Southall et al, 1988), prenatal drug exposure (Chasnoff et al, 1987), lead exposure (Drasch et al, 1988), parental tobacco smoking (Kraus et al, 1989), recent immunization status (Flauhaerlt et al, 1988), chronic hypoxia (Gillam et al, 1989;Walker et al, 1987), and premature birth (Յ37 weeks) (Kraus et al, 1989) have been associated with the syndrome. One investigator found that persistent fetal hemoglobin was strongly associated with SIDS (Giulian et al, 1987), but the finding was not replicated in other studies (Zielke et al, 1989;Cheron et al, 1989).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal allometric size of vital body organs among sudden infant death syndrome victims

Little

Kemp

Bost³

et al. 2000

Am. J. Hum. Biol.

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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims are difficult to describe physically because they seem outwardly indistinguishable in nearly all characteristics from infants (alive or dead) of comparable chronological age. Relative (allometric) size of vital organ and body weights has not been examined among SIDS victims. In the present study, autopsy organ and body weights for 152 SIDS deaths (1–12 months) were compared with the results of 115 controls that were trauma or illness‐related death (0.25–12 months). A pattern of abnormal relative size in vital organs (brain, heart, liver, and kidney) was revealed. In allometric regressions, increase in the weights of the organs relative to total body weight among SIDS victims were approximately three times the increase among controls in the first year of life. This finding indicates a disturbance of normal patterns of vital organ size of SIDS victims that is of unknown etiology. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 12:382–387, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Diphtheria/Tetanus Toxoid/Pertussis/ Poliomyelitis Immunisation

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Expansion of Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment

SIDS and Other Sleep-Related Infant Deaths: Expansion of Recommendations for a Safe Infant Sleeping Environment

The UK accelerated immunisation programme and sudden unexpected death in infancy: case-control study

Abnormal allometric size of vital body organs among sudden infant death syndrome victims

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