Sudden unexpected death in Parkinson's disease: Insights from clinical practice

Scorza, Fúlvio A.; Guimarães‐Marques, Marcia; Nejm, Mariana Bocca; Almeida, Antônio-Carlos G. de; Scorza, Carla A.; Fiorini, Ana Cláudia; Finsterer, Josef

doi:10.1016/j.clinsp.2021.100001

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The reasons for these geographic differences are not well understood, but environmental factors such as exposure to pesticides, herbicides, and other chemicals have been implicated [2] . In contrast to the general population, mortality does not increase in the first 5 years following the onset of the disease; however, it increases with a relative risk of 3.5 after 10 years, as evident from the reported data [74] . Between 2005 and 2030, it is anticipated that the number of people who have Parkinson's disease would double.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Depletion of dopamine in Parkinson's disease and relevant therapeutic options: A review of the literature

Ramesh¹,

Arachchige

2023

AIMSN

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<abstract> <p>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor and cognition functions. The etiology of Parkinson's disease remains largely unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role. The neurotransmitter dopamine is implicated in regulating movement, motivation, memory, and other physiological processes. In individuals with Parkinson's disease, the loss of dopaminergic neurons leads to a reduction in dopamine levels, which causes motor impairment and may also contribute to the cognitive deficits observed in some patients. Therefore, it is important to understand the pathophysiology that leads to the loss of dopaminergic neurons, along with reliable biomarkers that may help distinguish PD from other conditions, monitor its progression, or indicate a positive response to a therapeutic intervention. Important advances in the treatment, etiology, and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease have been made in the past 50 years. Therefore, this review tries to explain the different possible mechanisms behind the depletion of dopamine in PD patients such as alpha-synuclein abnormalities, mitochondrial dysfunction, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) toxicity, along with the current therapies we have and the ones that are in development. The clinical aspect of Parkinson's disease such as the manifestation of both motor and non-motor symptoms, and the differential diagnosis with similar neurodegenerative disease are also discussed.</p> </abstract>

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Depletion of dopamine in Parkinson's disease and relevant therapeutic options: A review of the literature

Ramesh¹,

Arachchige

2023

AIMSN

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“…Therefore, cardiac risks in PD should not be underestimated. In most cases of sudden unexpected death, the leading causes are within the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, and central nervous system (CNS) [ 30 ]. Unfortunately, in spite of advances in Parkinsonism drugs, there is still an increased rate of premature death in PD patients compared to the general population, and a considerable number of SUDPAR cases have been documented in case studies [ 63 ].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Pathologies In Parkinson’s Disease Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, autopsy reports indicated that from 5% to 43.7% of PD patients had died suddenly and unexpectedly [ 30 , 31 , 33 ]. The pathogenesis of SUPDAR is currently unexplained; however, both cardiac abnormalities and autonomic dysfunction may directly contribute to SUDPAR as reviewed by Nejm et al (2019) and Scorza et al (2022) [ 30 , 64 ]. On the contrary, other research groups claim that dysautonomia might not be a primary reason for sudden cardiac death in PD [ 32 , 65 ].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Pathologies In Parkinson’s Disease Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Non-Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Associated Pathologies in Parkinson’s Disease

Lee

Edling

Ahmad

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Despite considerable breakthroughs in Parkinson’s disease (PD) research, understanding of non-motor symptoms (NMS) in PD remains limited. The lack of basic level models that can properly recapitulate PD NMS either in vivo or in vitro complicates matters. Even so, recent research advances have identified cardiovascular NMS as being underestimated in PD. Considering that a cardiovascular phenotype reflects sympathetic autonomic dysregulation, cardiovascular symptoms of PD can play a pivotal role in understanding the pathogenesis of PD. In this study, we have reviewed clinical and non-clinical published papers with four key parameters: cardiovascular disease risks, electrocardiograms (ECG), neurocardiac lesions in PD, and fundamental electrophysiological studies that can be linked to the heart. We have highlighted the points and limitations that the reviewed articles have in common. ECG and pathological reports suggested that PD patients may undergo alterations in neurocardiac regulation. The pathological evidence also suggested that the hearts of PD patients were involved in alpha-synucleinopathy. Finally, there is to date little research available that addresses the electrophysiology of in vitro Parkinson’s disease models. For future reference, research that can integrate cardiac electrophysiology and pathological alterations is required.

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“…The global burden of PD has more than doubled due to the increased age of the population. 8 PD patients have a 3.8-fold increased risk of death. 9 Presently, there is only symptomatic treatment for PD, although it cannot delay the onset and early progress of the disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenosides can target brain-derived neurotrophic factor to improve Parkinson's disease

et al. 2023

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Sudden unexpected death in Parkinson's disease: Insights from clinical practice

Cited by 10 publications

References 85 publications

Depletion of dopamine in Parkinson's disease and relevant therapeutic options: A review of the literature

Depletion of dopamine in Parkinson's disease and relevant therapeutic options: A review of the literature

Clinical and Non-Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Associated Pathologies in Parkinson’s Disease

Ginsenosides can target brain-derived neurotrophic factor to improve Parkinson's disease

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