Suffrage universel et capacité politique

Vecchio, Giorgio Del

doi:10.3406/litts.1961.991

Cited by 9 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Von Crossover-Kriminalität wird in diesem Zusammenhang gesprochen, wenn zur Erreichung des kriminellen Hauptziels weitere strafbare Handlungen verübt werden. 13 Die südafrikanischen Behörden haben im Zusammenhang mit Nashornwilderei folgende Delikte festgestellt: illegale Jagd, Genehmigungsverletzungen, Verletzungen des nationalen Biodiversitätsgesetzes (NEMBA) 14 , Verstösse gegen das Gesundheits-und Arzneimittelgesetz, 15 Verstösse gegen die Vorschriften im Bereich ziviler Luftfahrt, 16 Korruption, Betrug, Geldwäscherei und Verstösse gegen das Übereinkommen über den internationalen Handel mit gefährdeten Arten freilebender Tiere und Pflanzen (CITES). 17 Auch Gewalt gegen und die Ermordung von Parkwächtern durch Wilderer ist nicht ungewöhnlich.…”

Section: Nashornwildereiunclassified

“…Als Folge davon kommt es zur Schwächung von politischen und wirtschaftlichen Systemen und Rechtsordnungen sowie zur Unterwanderung demokratischer Werte. 13 Grand corruption ist vor allem deshalb besonders schädigend, weil es dabei um bedeutsame Entscheidungen und große Geldsummen geht und weil sie Korruption auf niedrigeren Ebenen, die sogenannte petty corruption, ermöglicht oder zumindest fördert. 14 Petty corruption wird auch administrative, bürokratische Korruption oder Kleinkorruption genannt.…”

Section: Conclusiounclassified

“…While these deal with a plethora of issues relevant to environmental protection and conservation, including hazardous waste, 10 atmospheric policy, 11 and noise pollution, 12 a significant subset address, either specifically or incidentally, the protection of wildlife. Many endangered species are now covered by specific treaties, such as the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals and the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, 13 as are a range of discrete environments, ecosystems, and types of animals. 14 Many of these are regional instruments.…”

Section: Environmental Protection and Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 If taken, policy and enforcement measures are oriented towards human interest. 13 Biocentrism focuses on moral equality between all living species. All nonhuman species have intrinsic value and all life-forms enjoy equal recognition.…”

Section: Criminalisation 1 Setting the Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Das Bekämpfen des illegalen Wildtierhandels stellt, bedingt durch dessen klandestine Natur, 12 ein schwieriges Unterfangen dar: Um den negativen Folgen des illegalen Wildtierhandels entgegenzuwirken, ist es notwendig, diesen zunächst aufzuspüren. 13 Das Aufspüren von illegalem Wildtierhandel ist Thema dieses Kapitels. Dabei ist es Ziel, eine kohärente, global-abstrakte Darstellung der Methoden, die von staatlicher Seite zum Aufspüren des illegalen Wildtierhandels eingesetzt In Ergänzung des Dargelegten ist anzuführen, dass der Mangel an Daten und Wissen, sowohl über den illegalen Wildtierhandel selbst, als auch über die Methoden zum Aufspüren desselben, 23 das Intervenieren durch staatliche Akteure zusätzlich erschwert.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Criminalisation of Wildlife Trafficking

Ege¹,

Howe²

2020

Wildlife Trafficking: The Illicit Trade in Wildlife, Animal Parts, and Derivatives

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Wildlife trafficking threatens the existence of many plant and animal species and accelerates the destruction of wildlife, forests, and other natural resources. It contributes to environmental degradation, destroys unique natural habitats, and deprives many countries and their populations of scarce renewable resources. The more endangered a species becomes, the greater is the commercial value that is put on the remaining specimen, thereby increasing the incentive for further illegal activities.Preventing and supressing the illegal trade in wildlife, animal parts, and plants is presently not a priority in many countries. Despite the actual and potential scale and consequences, wildlife trafficking often remains overlooked and poorly understood. Wildlife and biodiversity related policies, laws, and their enforcement have, for the most part, not kept up with the changing levels and patterns of wildlife trafficking. Poorly developed legal frameworks, weak law enforcement, prosecutorial, and judicial practices have resulted in valuable wildlife and plant resources becoming threatened. The high demand for wildlife, animal parts, plants, and plant material around the world has resulted in criminal activities on a large scale. Considerably cheaper than legally sourced material, the illegal trade in fauna and flora offers opportunities to reap significant profits. Gaps in domestic and international control regimes, difficulties in identifying illegal commodities and secondary products, along with intricate trafficking routes make it difficult to effectively curtail the trade.Although several international and non-governmental organisations have launched initiatives aimed at bringing international attention to the problem of wildlife trafficking, political commitment and operational capacity to tackle this phenomenon are not commensurate to the scale of the problem. There is, to date, no universal framework to prevent and suppress this crime type and there is a lack of critical and credible expertise and scholarship on this phenomenon.As part of their joint teaching programme on transnational organised crime,

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Section: Nashornwildereiunclassified

Section: Conclusiounclassified

Section: Environmental Protection and Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Criminalisation 1 Setting the Paradigmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionunclassified

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