Sugar and amino acid composition of macromolecular constituents released from walls of uredosporelings of<i>Puccinia graminis tritici</i>

Kim, W.K.; Rohringer, R.; Chong, J.

doi:10.1080/07060668209501271

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Our phylogenomic approach supports well the biochemical detection of Fuc in Mucoromycotina, as evidenced by the identification of putative GDP‐ d ‐Man 4,6‐dehydratases and GDP‐ l ‐fucose synthases in R. oryzae and P. blakesleeanus . In addition to Mucoromycotina, Fuc has been reported in some pucciniomycetes (Basidiomycota), particularly in the germ tubes of P. graminis (Kim et al ., ) and some species of Sporobolomyces (Takashima et al ., ). Our genome analysis identified homologues of genes involved in Fuc biosynthesis in P. graminis sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the uniqueness of Mucoromycotina cell walls by combining biochemical and phylogenomic approaches

Mélida

Sain

Stajich

et al. 2014

Environmental Microbiology

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Most fungi from the Mucoromycotina lineage occur in ecosystems as saprobes, although some species are phytopathogens or may induce human mycosis. Mucoromycotina represent early diverging models that are most valuable for understanding fungal evolution. Here we reveal the uniqueness of the cell wall structure of the Mucoromycotina Rhizopus oryzae and Phycomyces blakesleeanus compared with the better characterized cell wall of the ascomycete Neurospora crassa. We have analysed the corresponding polysaccharide biosynthetic and modifying pathways, and highlight their evolutionary features and higher complexity in terms of gene copy numbers compared with species from other lineages. This work uncovers the presence in Mucoromycotina of abundant fucose-based polysaccharides similar to algal fucoidans. These unexpected polymers are associated with unusually low amounts of glucans and a higher proportion of chitin compared with N. crassa. The specific structural features are supported by the identification of genes potentially involved in the corresponding metabolic pathways. Phylogenomic analyses of genes encoding carbohydrate synthases, polysaccharide modifying enzymes and enzymes involved in nucleotide-sugar formation provide evidence for duplication events during evolution of cell wall metabolism in fungi. Altogether, the data highlight the specificity of Mucoromycotina cell walls and pave the way for a finer understanding of their metabolism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the uniqueness of Mucoromycotina cell walls by combining biochemical and phylogenomic approaches

Mélida

Sain

Stajich

et al. 2014

Environmental Microbiology

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“…Glucosamine may exist as part of the chitin polymer . Using relatively mild conditions, Kim et al (1982) moreover detected fucose, rhamnose and ribose in uredosporelings of P. graminis tritici.…”

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confidence: 99%

Quantitative estimation of the surface carbohydrates on the infection structures of rust fungi with enzymes and lectins

1985

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Abstract. Lectins of Triticum vulgaris (WGA), Concanavalia ensiformis (ConA), Phaseolus vulgaris (PHA), Lotus tetragonolobus (LTA), Araehis hypogaea (PNA), Ricinus communis (RCA I), Griffonia simplicifolia (GSA II) and the enzymes endo-(l--+3)-/~-D-glucanase, exo-(l~3)-/%D-glucanase and laminarinase were tested for binding to the infection structures of Puccinia coronata and Uromyces appendiculatus. The enzymes and lectins were labeled with fluorescein, and the fluorescence was measured with a microscope photometer. GSA II and ConA bound to all parts of the two rust fungi to a certain extent. The germ tubes of P. coronata bound at least two times more WGA than did the germ tubes of U. appendicutatus. The appressoria of both rust fungi additionally bound exo-(l~ 3)-/~-glucanase, endo-(1-~ 3)-fi-glucanase and laminarinase. The substomatal vesicle and the infection hypha of both rust fungi mainly bound the glucanases. Furthermore, the substomatal vesicle of U. appendiculatus bound PHA. No obvious binding with LTA, RCA I and PNA was observed. Binding generally could be inhibited by appropriate haptens. Binding to uredospores generally appeared unspecific. The results indicate that the germ tubes have chitin on their outer surfaces, the appressoria chitin and glucans and the substomatal vesicles and infection hyphae mainly glucans. Compared to P. coronata, U. appendiculatus has more terminal linked glucose residues or the glucan has more (l--*6)-~-linkages. Also, U. appendiculatus has N-acetylgalactosamine or a similar sugar on the surface of the substomatal vesicle.

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“…These data indicate that binding of haustoria to ConA consists of a carbohydrate-specific and a nonspecific component. The carbohydrate-specific binding is most likely due to the presence on the haustorial surface of a-linked mannoside residues, which are common in glycoproteins and wall polysaccharides of rust fungi (Kim et al 1982). The nonspecific component is responsible for the residual binding observed in the presence of methyl a-D-mannopyranoside, and for the binding which prevents elution of haustoria from the affinity column with methyl a-Dmannopyranoside.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation by ConA binding of haustoria from different rust fungi and comparison of their surface qualities

Hahn

Mendgen

1992

Protoplasma

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Summary. Rust haustoria isolated from infected leaf tissue strongly bind to ConA. This property was exploited to purify them by affinity chromatography on a ConA-Sepharose macrobead column. Haustoria were obtained with more than 90% purity and yields of up to 50%. Binding of haustoria to the column was partially inhibited by a ConA-specific sugar, methyl ct-D-mannopyranoside. Compared to ConA, Lens culinaris agglutinin and wheat germ agghitinin were less efficient affinity ligands. Using ConA-Sepharose, rust haustoria from a variety of sources could be isolated with equal efficiency, indicating that they have similar carbohydrate surface properties. The haustoria maintained their typical shape after the isolation procedure, which suggests a rather rigid wall structure. The morphology of haustoria was characteristic both for a given species and the nuclear condition of the rust mycelium. Electron microscopy of isolated haustoria revealed an intact haustorial wall surrounded by a fibrillar layer presumably derived from the extrahaustorial matrix. The matrix thus appears to represent a layer with geMike properties which is rich in ConA-binding carbohydrates and connected to the haustorial wall but not to the host-derived extrahaustorial membrane.

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Sugar and amino acid composition of macromolecular constituents released from walls of uredosporelings ofPuccinia graminis tritici

Cited by 16 publications

References 36 publications

Deciphering the uniqueness of Mucoromycotina cell walls by combining biochemical and phylogenomic approaches

Deciphering the uniqueness of Mucoromycotina cell walls by combining biochemical and phylogenomic approaches

Quantitative estimation of the surface carbohydrates on the infection structures of rust fungi with enzymes and lectins

Isolation by ConA binding of haustoria from different rust fungi and comparison of their surface qualities

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