Sugar-based growth, astaxanthin accumulation and carotenogenic transcription of heterotrophic Chlorella zofingiensis (Chlorophyta)

Lipid accumulation and growth of Chlorella zofingiensis in flat plate photobioreactors outdoors

“…Illman et al (2000) reported that the lipid content of Chlorella emersonii can reach 63% of dry cell weight (dcw) under low nitrogen condition. Some Chlorella strains were reported to achieve high biomass concentration (exceeded 50 g L À1 ) under heterotrophic conditions (Xiong et al, 2008;Sun et al, 2008). Furthermore, Chlorella can be cultured under autotrophic, heterotrophic or mixotrophic growth conditions, indicating the strong ability of Chlorella to adapt to different culture conditions (Liang et al, 2009;Sun et al, 2008).…”

The effect of carbon source on nitrate and ammonium removal from drinking water by immobilised Chlorella sorokiniana

“…For the same algae species, it was also found that hydrolysed sucrose supported microalgae growth, but with non-hydrolysed sucrose, cell growth was not observed (Vidotti et al 2014). Low specific growth rates when using sucrose were also reported for C. zofingiensis (Sun et al 2008). On the other hand, sucrose acted positively with C. sorokiniana (Ngangkham et al 2012).…”

“…They also reported that fructose, glucose and sucrose substrates enhanced chlorophyll up to the eighth day of growth C. sorokiniana. Fructose was suitable as carbon source for the heterotrophic growth of C. zofingiensis, but the algal cells demonstrated a slightly lower specific growth rate and dry biomass than that with glucose (Sun et al 2008). On the other hand, cultivation of C. vulgaris with fructose resulted in cell death, whilst this strain was unable to consume fructose (Vidotti et al 2014).…”

“…Therefore, the metabolism of sugars in honey is faster than in sucrose alone. Honey also contains several other compounds (Božnar 2003) such as vitamins, minerals (Ca, Mg, P, K, Fe, Na…), organic acids, water etc., and it is well known that some green algae can grow heterotrophically, making use of sugars, amino acids and organic acids (Sun et al 2008). Ngangkham et al (2012) in his investigation confirmed that the additions of different substrates (amino acids, carbon sources, vitamins), along with reducing agents, may enhance the lipid quality and productivity in mixotrophic cultures of C. sorokiniana.…”

“…Algal treatment in the presence of carbon source was extensively studied by Kim et al (2013a) and some other researchers (Prathima Devi et al 2013) who reported promising results obtained with glucose. Sugars such as fructose and sucrose were also commonly used for the cultivation of microalgae (Ngangkham et al 2012;Perez-Garcia et al 2011a;Sun et al 2008). Only limited articles report about alternative carbon sources, such as molasses (Leesing and Kookkhunthod 2011;Olguín et al 2008;Vidotti et al 2014) and sweet sorghum (Gao et al 2010).…”