Sugar beets root crops productivity in different hybrids

Abstract

Modern sugar beet hybrids have a potential root crop capacity of above 50.0 t/ha and sugar content of 16.1–18.5 %. Seeds with a germination rate of not less than 90 % are being used in this case, highly efficient energy-saving technologies based on the use of agricultural techniques (crop rotation, fertilization system, soil tillage system, sowing at the final density), protection against pests and diseases, the method of harvesting root crops are used. The performance of the sugar beet hybrid is mainly determined by the genetic information contained in the seeds and the conditions in which the plants grow. The purpose of the research was to investigate the varietal features of growth, development and productivity of sugar beet in the conditions of the central part of the Right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. The following sugar beet hybrids were used for sowing: Olzhych, Etude, Zluka, Constanta and Anichka with the fraction of 3.5–4.5 mm and laboratory germination of 85–90 %. The growth and development of sugar beet plants of different hybrids differed. There was a tendency for more positive germination of seeds and a more complete density of seedlings in the hybrid Constanta. The productivity of the sugar beet root crops is determined by the yield, sugar content and sugar harvest. Crop capacity of the male sterile hybrids studied averaged from 46.4 to 55.6 t/ha over the three years of studies, sugar content – 15.6–17.0 % and sugar yield – 7.4–9.5 t/ha. Hybrids Zluka and Constanta appeared to be the most adapted to the conditions of the central part of the right-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine. Thus, over three years, the Zluka hybrid had an average crop capacity of 55.6 t/ha, the sugar content of the roots was 16.1 %, the sugar harvest was 9.0 t/ha, and the hybrid Constant had a yield of 55.1 t/ha, the sugar content of the roots – 16.2 %, sugar yield – 8.1 t/ha. Key words: sugar beets, hybrids, field germination of seeds, sugar content, sugar yield.