“…To achieve these roles, the capsules should be designed with sufficient strength to survive the concrete mixing and weak enough to ensure the cracks propagate through the capsules and release the healing agents. To date, glass [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], ceramic [ 41 ], expansive clays [ 34 , 42 ], natural fibers [ 43 , 44 ], perspex [ 38 ], paraffin [ 45 , 46 ], wax [ 47 ], silica [ 48 , 49 ], silica gel [ 50 ], diatomaceous earth [ 51 ], urea-formaldehyde [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ] polymethyl methacrylate [ 54 , 55 ], low alkali cementitious materials [ 56 ], recycled brick aggregates [ 57 ], biocapsules (made of carbide slag fly ash and desulfurized gypsum) [ 58 ], sugar-coated expanded perlite [ 59 ] and porous concrete [ 60 ] have been investigated as capsule shell materials. In polymeric microcapsules, urea-formaldehyde, polyurethane, and melamine-formaldehyde are amongst the most commonly used polymeric encapsulation materials [ 61 ].…”