Sugar intake and all-cause mortality—differences between sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and pure fruit juices

Scheffers, Floor R.; Boer, Jolanda M. A.

doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01579-w

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Nevertheless, FJ consumption has been blamed by some commentators for contributing to obesity [42]. Inconsistent findings have been reported by observational studies, perhaps because these rely heavily on self-reports of beverage consumption which are vulnerable to error and bias, and often combine FJ with sugarsweetened fruit drinks [43,44]. Therefore, a more reliable assessment of the impact of FJ on weight gain and obesity risk is to include evidence from intervention trials.…”

Section: Obesity and Excess Weight Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Juices: Are They Helpful or Harmful? An Evidence Review

Ruxton¹,

Myers²

2021

Nutrients

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Dietary guidelines often deal with 100% fruit juice (FJ) inconsistently because it represents a source of free sugars. However, FJ also provides bioavailable micronutrients and plant bioactives at levels similar to those found in whole fruits. The present review weighs up the evidence from high-quality studies investigating a potential health harm for FJ against evidence from studies which indicate a potential health benefit. The findings reveal that FJ consumption, at moderate intakes consistent with the dietary guidelines for the US and some European countries (75–224 mL daily), does not increase the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease or poor glycaemic control. In contrast, regular consumption of FJ—even up to 500 mL per day in short-to-medium-term studies—appears to confer a health benefit in terms of vascular function and reduced blood pressure. Emerging evidence for cognitive health benefits requires further investigation in human trials. Observational studies report associations between FJ and nutrient adequacy and suggest that FJ consumption is associated with reduced risk of stroke. In conclusion, FJ appears to offer more benefit than risk and there appears to be no justification for discouraging FJ within a balanced diet for children and adults.

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Section: Obesity and Excess Weight Gainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fruit Juices: Are They Helpful or Harmful? An Evidence Review

Ruxton¹,

Myers²

2021

Nutrients

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“…It has been reported that SSB intake could increase CVD incidence [16][17][18][19]. Some studies even supported the association of SSB intake with increased all-cause mortality, and death mainly resulted from CVDs, rather than from malignancy [13,14,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Through increasing the sugar supply, it was supposed that SSBs could enhance insulin resistance to increase CVD mortality by inducing the risk factors of CVDs, such as diabetes, hypertension, CAD, obesity, frailty, and arterial stiffness [21,22,[30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The consumption of SSBs in the whole Taiwan has increased by 8.9% annually between 2005 and 2019, and SSB intake in the whole of Asia has been expected to increase in the coming decade [39][40][41]. Although many previous studies have investigated the association between SSB intake and CVD mortality by age groups [13,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], the association between SSB intake and CVD mortality or incidence in younger adults (age 20-39) is rarely mentioned, particularly in the Asian population [42,43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality in a Large Young Cohort of Nearly 300,000 Adults (Age 20–39)

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: The association of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in younger adults (age 20–39) is rarely mentioned in the literature. Younger adults are less vulnerable to CVDs, but they tend to consume more SSBs. This prospective study aimed to assess the association between CVD mortality and SSBs in younger adults between 1994 and 2017. (2) Methods: The cohort enrolled 288,747 participants consisting of 139,413 men and 148,355 women, with a mean age 30.6 ± 4.8 years, from a health surveillance program. SSBs referred to any drink with real sugar added, such as fructose corn syrup or sucrose. One serving of SSB contains about 150 Kcal of sugar in 12 oz of drink. Cox models were used to estimate the mortality risk. (3) Results: There were 391 deaths from CVDs in the younger adults, and the positive association with CVD mortality started when SSB intake was ≥2 servings/day (HR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.16–2.17). With mortalities from diabetes and kidney disease added to CVDs, the so-called expanded CVD mortality risk was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.11–2.01). By excluding CVD risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and smoking), the CVD mortality risk increased to 2.48 (95% CI: 1.33–4.62). The dose–response relationship persisted (p < 0.05 for trend) in every model above. (4) Conclusions: Higher intake of SSBs (≥2 servings/day) was associated with increased CVD mortality in younger adults. The younger adults (age 20–39) with SSB intake ≥2 servings/day had a 50% increase in CVD mortality in our study, and the mortality risk increased up to 2.5 times for those without CVD risk factors. The dose–response relationship between the quantity of SSB intake and the mortality risk of CVD in younger adults discourages SSB intake for the prevention of CVD mortality.

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“…Additionally, emerging artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) are not mentioned in the global dietary guidelines, but there might be a relevant statement 6 . The German Dietary Guidelines for Drinking Water clearly state that calorie-free or low-calorie light beverages are not recommended because they contain other food additives such as sweeteners, colorings, and flavorings [43].…”

Section: Dietary Guidelines For Fjbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous epidemiological surveys have shown that FJBs are associated with noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular obesity [4,5], disease (hypertension, coronary heart disease, etc.) [6,7], diabetes [8,9], gout [10,11], cancer [12,13], dental caries [14], and mental illness [15]. These diseases are closely related to daily dietary habits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health effects of fruit juices and beverages with varying degrees of processing

Zhang,

Liao,

Wang

et al. 2024

Food Science and Human Wellness

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The degree of processing is rarely considered an independent factor in the health effects of fruit juices and beverages (FJBs) consumption. In fact, the consumption of ultra-processed foods has been shown to pose health risks. In this study, we first integrated four systems used to classify the degree of food processing and then classified FJBs into three major categories, low (minimal), moderate and high. Second, we compared the differences in attitudes towards FJBs in dietary guidelines. Third, we integrated the results of existing epidemiological surveys, randomized controlled trials, and animal experiments to explore the health risks associated with consuming FJBs. Deepening the processing of FJBs has been found to lead to an increased risk of diseases. Dietary pattern, nutrients, addition agents and consumer preferences may be influential factors. Finally, we investigated whether there were any changes in the health benefits of 100% fruit juices produced by different processing methods. In conclusion, minimally/moderately processed 100% fruit juices provide more health benefits than highly processed fruit beverages. The results support the need to consider the extent of FJBs processing in future studies to adjust official nutritional recommendations for beverage consumption.

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Sugar intake and all-cause mortality—differences between sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, and pure fruit juices

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Fruit Juices: Are They Helpful or Harmful? An Evidence Review

Fruit Juices: Are They Helpful or Harmful? An Evidence Review

Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Cardiovascular Diseases Mortality in a Large Young Cohort of Nearly 300,000 Adults (Age 20–39)

Health effects of fruit juices and beverages with varying degrees of processing

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