Sugar molasses as a sustainable precursor for the synthesis of graphene sand composite adsorbent for tetracycline and methylene blue removal

Nouri, Alireza; Mahmoudi, Ebrahim; Ang, Wei Lun; Panomsuwan, Gasidit; Jongprateep, Oratai

doi:10.1007/s11356-022-21996-z

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Graphene−sand composites have been prepared from various types of biomass such as date syrup, 99 sugar, 100 gelatin, 101 and palm sugar. 102 The sharp D and G bands with poorly defined 2D peaks suggest the presence of graphitic carbon with defective sites. The growth of graphene-like nanosheets on SiO 2 surfaces was evidenced by the presence of thin sheets of carbon-containing nonoxygenated C, oxygenated C, O, and Si.…”

Section: Characteristics and Environmental Application Of Bgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biomass can also exfoliate on sand surfaces to form graphene-like nanosheets during thermal graphitization. Graphene–sand composites have been prepared from various types of biomass such as date syrup, sugar, gelatin, and palm sugar . The sharp D and G bands with poorly defined 2D peaks suggest the presence of graphitic carbon with defective sites.…”

Section: Definitions Classification and Characterization Of Bgsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomass-Derived Carbonaceous Materials with Graphene/Graphene-Like Structures: Definition, Classification, and Environmental Applications

Yuan,

Wang,

Dong

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Biomass-derived carbonaceous materials with graphene/graphene-like structures (BGS) have attracted tremendous attention in the field of environmental remediation. The introduction of graphene/graphene-like structures into raw biochars can effectively improve their properties, such as electrical conductivity, surface functional groups, and catalytic activity. In 2021, the International Organization for Standardization defined graphene as a "single layer of carbon atoms with each atom bound to three neighbours in a honeycomb structure". Considering this definition, several studies have incorrectly referred to BGS (e.g., biomass-derived few-layer graphene or porous graphene-like nanosheets) as "graphene". The definitions and classifications of BGS and their applications in environmental remediation have not been assessed critically thus far. Comprehensive analysis and sufficient and robust evidence are highly desired to accurately determine the specific structures of BGS. In this perspective, we provide a systematic framework to define and classify the BGS. The state-of-the-art methods currently used to determine the structural properties of BGS are scrutinized. We then discuss the design and fabrication of BGS and how their distinctive features could improve the applicability of biomass-derived carbonaceous materials, particularly in environmental remediation. The environmental applications of these BGS are highlighted, and future research opportunities and needs are identified. The fundamental insights in this perspective provide critical guidance for the further development of BGS for a wide range of environmental applications.

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