Sugarcane smut: shedding light on the development of the whip-shaped sorus

Marques, João Paulo Rodrigues; Appezzato‐da‐Glória, Beatriz; Piepenbring, Meike; Júnior, Nelson Sidnei Massola; Monteiro-Vitorello, Cláudia Barros; Vieira, Maria Lúcia Carneiro

doi:10.1093/aob/mcw169

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These genes may orchestrate the infection and development of the pathogens in their respective host. Smut species present distinct sporulation time and penetrate at distinct sites ( Chung and Tzeng, 2004 ; Brefort et al, 2009 ; Ghareeb et al, 2011 ; Schaker et al, 2016 ; Marques et al, 2017 ). We speculate that some of the encoded proteins may act on the perception of different host molecules as a signal for penetration or induction of fungal sporogenesis, as these stages are also related to cell cycle control and morphogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The TG biosynthesis pathway is conserved in all living organisms; however, sequence motifs of diacylglycerol acyltransferase are not conserved ( Turchetto-Zolet et al, 2011 ). In S. scitamineum , the gene encoding for this enzyme was upregulated during sporogenesis ( Taniguti et al, 2015 ), which may be related to the accumulation of lipid droplets in teliospores that will serve as a source of energy during germination ( Marques et al, 2017 ). This enzyme was also associated with pathogenicity in the broad host range pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ( Sharma et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Genomics of Smut Pathogens: Insights From Orphans and Positively Selected Genes Into Host Specialization

et al. 2018

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Host specialization is a key evolutionary process for the diversification and emergence of new pathogens. However, the molecular determinants of host range are poorly understood. Smut fungi are biotrophic pathogens that have distinct and narrow host ranges based on largely unknown genetic determinants. Hence, we aimed to expand comparative genomics analyses of smut fungi by including more species infecting different hosts and to define orphans and positively selected genes to gain further insights into the genetics basis of host specialization. We analyzed nine lineages of smut fungi isolated from eight crop and non-crop hosts: maize, barley, sugarcane, wheat, oats, Zizania latifolia (Manchurian rice), Echinochloa colona (a wild grass), and Persicaria sp. (a wild dicot plant). We assembled two new genomes: Ustilago hordei (strain Uhor01) isolated from oats and U. tritici (strain CBS 119.19) isolated from wheat. The smut genomes were of small sizes, ranging from 18.38 to 24.63 Mb. U. hordei species experienced genome expansions due to the proliferation of transposable elements and the amount of these elements varied among the two strains. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that Ustilago is not a monophyletic genus and, furthermore, detected misclassification of the U. tritici specimen. The comparison between smut pathogens of crop and non-crop hosts did not reveal distinct signatures, suggesting that host domestication did not play a dominant role in shaping the evolution of smuts. We found that host specialization in smut fungi likely has a complex genetic basis: different functional categories were enriched in orphans and lineage-specific selected genes. The diversification and gain/loss of effector genes are probably the most important determinants of host specificity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomics of Smut Pathogens: Insights From Orphans and Positively Selected Genes Into Host Specialization

et al. 2018

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“…The causal agent, Sporisorium scitamineum Syd. (Ustilaginomycetes), is a biotrophic fungus that can grow inter- or intracellularly causing damage to the host tissues ( Marques et al, 2017 ). Many smuts affect floral tissues, but the one in sugarcane is a culm smut ( Comstock, 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anatomically, the sorus is an elongated internode, and the growth is mediated by high mitotic activity of the intercalary meristem at the base. The sorus produces billions of dark teliospores via thallic process, mostly restricted to the base of the sorus ( Marques et al, 2017 ). Short and long-range dispersal is then accomplished by the aerial dissemination of teliospores.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugarcane Cell Wall-Associated Defense Responses to Infection by Sporisorium scitamineum

et al. 2018

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The plant cell wall is known to be the first barrier against plant pathogens. Detailed information about sugarcane cell wall-associated defense responses to infection by the causal agent of smut, Sporisorium scitamineum, is scarce. Herein, (immuno)histochemical analysis of two smut resistant and two susceptible sugarcane cultivars was conducted to understand host cell wall structural and compositional modifications in response to fungal infection. Results showed that the fungus grew on the surface and infected the outermost bud scale of both susceptible and resistant cultivars. The present findings also supported the existence of early (24 h after inoculation) and later (72–96 h after inoculation) inducible histopathological responses related to the cell wall modification in resistant cultivars. Lignin and phenolic compounds accumulated during early stages of infection. Later infection response was characterized by the formation of a protective barrier layer with lignin, cellulose and arabinoxylan in the cell walls. Overall, the results suggest possible induction of cell wall-modified responses in smut resistant cultivars to prevent initial entry of the fungus into the meristematic tissues.

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“…The TG biosynthesis pathway is conserved in all living organisms; however sequence motifs of diacylglycerol acyltransferase are not conserved (Turchetto-Zolet et al, 2011). In S. scitamineum, the gene encoding for this enzyme was upregulated during sporogenesis stage which may be related to the accumulation of lipid droplets in teliospores that will serve as a source of energy during germination (Marques et al, 2017). This enzyme was also associated with pathogenicity in the broad host range pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Sharma et al, 2016).…”

Section: Scitamineummentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular variability among Brazilian strains of the sugarcane smut pathogen and the genetic basis of host specialization in smut fungi

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Sugarcane smut: shedding light on the development of the whip-shaped sorus

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

Comparative Genomics of Smut Pathogens: Insights From Orphans and Positively Selected Genes Into Host Specialization

Comparative Genomics of Smut Pathogens: Insights From Orphans and Positively Selected Genes Into Host Specialization

Sugarcane Cell Wall-Associated Defense Responses to Infection by Sporisorium scitamineum

Molecular variability among Brazilian strains of the sugarcane smut pathogen and the genetic basis of host specialization in smut fungi

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