Sugars, antioxidant enzymes and IAA mediate salicylic acid to prevent rice spikelet degeneration caused by heat stress

Zhang, C. X.; Feng, Bo; Chen, T. T.; Zhang, X. F.; Tao, Longxing; Fu, Guang-Qing

doi:10.1007/s10725-017-0296-x

Cited by 81 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…By contrast, exogenous ATP treatment reduces cell membrane permeability, thus delaying senescence in plants (Jin et al ). Membrane damage and H 2 O 2 might be the main factors damaging spikelet development in rice (Zhang et al ; Heng et al ). The current results indicate that MDA (an indicator of membrane damage) and H 2 O 2 concentrations were negatively correlated with ATP concentrations and energy charge (Figures S6C–F, S7G–J).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brassinosteroids function in spikelet differentiation and degeneration in rice

Zhang

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2019

JIPB

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Brassinosteroids (BRs) play crucial roles in many aspects of plant development. However, their function in spikelet differentiation and degeneration in rice (Oryza sativa L.) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of these phytohormones in spikelet development in field‐grown rice subjected to five different nitrogen (N) fertilization treatments during panicle differentiation. BR levels and expression of genes involved in BR biosynthesis and signal transduction were measured in spikelets. Pollen fertility and the number of differentiated spikelets were closely associated with 24‐epicastasterone (24‐epiCS) and 28‐homobrassinolide (28‐homoBL) levels in spikelets. Enhanced BR biosynthesis and signal transduction, in response to N treatment, enhanced spikelet differentiation, reduced spikelet degeneration, and increased grain yield. Increases in proton‐pumping ATPase activity, ATP concentration, energy charge, and antioxidant system (AOS) levels were consistent with 24‐epiCS and 28‐homoBL concentrations. Exogenous application of 24‐epiCS or 28‐homoBL on young panicles induced a marked increase in endogenous 24‐epiCS or 28‐homoBL levels, energy charge, AOS levels, spikelet differentiation, and panicle weight. The opposite effects were observed following treatment with a BR biosynthesis inhibitor. Our findings indicate that, in rice, BRs mediate the effects of N fertilization on spikelet development and play a role in promoting spikelet development through increasing AOS levels and energy charge during panicle development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One potentially damaging effect of metabolism is the deleterious production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during normal respiration, photosynthesis, and nitrogen fixation. ROS are thought to be the main factors damaging spikelet development in rice (Ahmad et al ; Gill and Tuteja ; Mittler et al ; Zhang et al ; Heng et al ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brassinosteroids function in spikelet differentiation and degeneration in rice

Zhang

Zhu

Wang

et al. 2019

JIPB

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“…It is proposed that salicylic acid (SA), another type of new plant hormone, may also be involved in regulating spikelet degeneration under abiotic stress. There is report showing that spraying SA to heat-stressed plants significantly increased concentrations of soluble sugars, proline, phytohormones including ABA, GA 3 , BRs, IAA, and ZR and activities of antioxidant enzymes in rice panicles, and reduced the spikelet degeneration rate (Zhang C X et al 2017). However, the effect of applying SA on spikelet degeneration and grain yield was not detectable when plants were grown at normal growth conditions, suggesting that SA plays a role in alleviating spikelet degeneration only under heat stress.…”

Section: Roles Of Phytohormones In Regulating Spikelet Degenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, the number of degenerated spikelets accounts for 15-20% of the total differentiated spikelets. The spikelet degeneration rate can be 50-60% for some cultivars or under the unfavorable conditions such as high temperature or drought during and/ or around meiosis (Matsushima 1980;Tan et al 2011;Xie et al 2013;Zhang C X et al 2017;Zhang W Y et al 2017;Zhang 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is observed, however, that some modern rice cultivars that have numerous spikelets on a panicle have shown more spikelet barrenness (Itoh et al 2005;Li et al 2009;Tan et al 2011;Wang et al 2012). Either spikelet degeneration or spikelet barrenness can result in a substantial decrease in spikelet number, and consequently, a serious loss of grain yield (Tan et al 2011;Wang et al 2012;Zheng et al 2014Zheng et al , 2016Zhang C X et al 2017;Zhang W Y et al 2017;Zhang 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological mechanism underlying spikelet degeneration in rice

Wang

Zhang

2018

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

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The phenomenon of degenerated spikelets is very common in cereals, and considered as a serious physiological defect and a main constraint to grain production. Understanding the physiological mechanism in which spikelet degeneration occurs would have great significance in enhancing yield potential in grain crops. Taking rice as an example, the paper reviewed the physiological mechanism underlying spikelet degeneration, with focus on the roles of phytohormones in regulating the process. There are several hypotheses for the spikelet degeneration, such as resource limitation, self-organization, and primigenic dominance. However, convincing evidences are lack to support the assumptions. Phytohormones including auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene are involved in regulating spikelet degeneration in cereals. The new phytohormones of brassinosteroids and polyamines have been observed to suppress spikelet degeneration in rice. The interactions among or between plant hormones may play a more important role in regulating spikelet degeneration. However, the information on such interactions is very limited. Some agronomic practices, especially proper water and nitrogen management, could reduce spikelet degeneration but the mechanism underlying remains unclear. Further research is needed to understand the cross-talk among/between phytohormones on spikelet degeneration, to reveal the physiological and molecular mechanism in which phytohormones and their interactions regulate the degeneration of spikelets, to exploit approaches to decrease spikelet degeneration and to elucidate their mechanism.

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