Sugars in soil and sweets for microorganisms: Review of origin, content, composition and fate

Gunina, Anna; Kuzyakov, Yakov

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.07.021

Cited by 417 publications

(203 citation statements)

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“…This corroborates the assumption that microorganisms in BD may have been short of available labile C. Interestingly, HWN correlated positively with carbohydrates in BD. Since the major part of carbohydrates in soils originates from microorganisms and their residues (Gunina and Kuzyakov, 2015), this may suggest a metabolic coupling between carbohydrates and HWN because many N-cycling processes are mediated microbially (Isobe and Ohte, 2014).…”

Section: Pyrolysis-field Ionisation Mass Spectrometry and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage-induced short-term soil organic matter turnover and respiration

Fiedler

Leinweber

Jurasinski

et al. 2016

SOIL

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Abstract. Tillage induces decomposition and mineralisation of soil organic matter (SOM) by the disruption of macroaggregates and may increase soil CO 2 efflux by respiration, but these processes are not well understood at the molecular level. We sampled three treatments (mineral fertiliser: MF; biogas digestate: BD; unfertilised control: CL) of a Stagnic Luvisol a few hours before and directly after tillage as well as 4 days later from a harvested maize field in northern Germany and investigated these samples by means of pyrolysis-field ionisation mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) and hot-water extraction. Before tillage, the Py-FIMS mass spectra revealed differences in relative ion intensities of MF and CL compared to BD most likely attributable to the cattle manure used for the biogas feedstock and to relative enrichments during anaerobic fermentation. After tillage, the CO 2 effluxes were increased in all treatments, but this increase was less pronounced in BD. We explain this by restricted availability of readily biodegradable carbon compounds and possibly an inhibitory effect of sterols from digestates. Significant changes in SOM composition were observed following tillage. In particular, lignin decomposition and increased proportions of N-containing compounds were detected in BD. In MF, lipid proportions increased at the expense of ammonia, ammonium, carbohydrates and peptides, indicating enhanced microbial activity. SOM composition in CL was unaffected by tillage. Our analyses provide strong evidence for significant short-term SOM changes due to tillage in fertilised soils.

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Section: Pyrolysis-field Ionisation Mass Spectrometry and Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage-induced short-term soil organic matter turnover and respiration

Fiedler

Leinweber

Jurasinski

et al. 2016

SOIL

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“…Plant metabolites can be divided into primary and secondary, or plant specialized, metabolites (Pichersky & Lewinsohn, ). A large portion of primary plant metabolites, which consist of sugars and organic acids, are rapidly metabolized by soil microbes (Gkarmiri et al, ; Gunina & Kuzyakov, ; Jones & Murphy, ). The greater abundance of nutrients near roots produces an environment in which microbes flourish and microbial abundance are greater in the rhizosphere than in bulk soils (Mendes, Garbeva, & Raaijmakers, ; Prashar, Kapoor, & Sachdeva, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizosphere modelling reveals spatiotemporal distribution of daidzein shaping soybean rhizosphere bacterial community

Okutani

Hamamoto

Aoki

et al. 2020

Plant Cell & Environment

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Plant roots nurture a wide variety of microbes via exudation of metabolites, shaping the rhizosphere's microbial community. Despite the importance of plant specialized metabolites in the assemblage and function of microbial communities in the rhizosphere, little is known of how far the effects of these metabolites extend through the soil. We employed a fluid model to simulate the spatiotemporal distribution of daidzein, an isoflavone secreted from soybean roots, and validated using soybeans grown in a rhizobox. We then analysed how daidzein affects bacterial communities using soils artificially treated with daidzein. Simulation of daidzein distribution showed that it was only present within a few millimetres of root surfaces. After 14 days in a rhizobox, daidzein was only present within 2 mm of root surfaces. Soils with different concentrations of daidzein showed different community composition, with reduced α‐diversity in daidzein‐treated soils. Bacterial communities of daidzein‐treated soils were closer to those of the soybean rhizosphere than those of bulk soils. This study highlighted the limited distribution of daidzein within a few millimetres of root surfaces and demonstrated a novel role of daidzein in assembling bacterial communities in the rhizosphere by acting as more of a repellant than an attractant.

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“…We approached this by comparing soil OC stocks, the amount and properties of density-separated OM fractions (contents of hydrolyzable non-cellulosic neutral sugars; δ 13 C and 14 C activity), and the PLFA-based microbial community composition along a transect of increasing salinity and sodicity in the southwestern Siberian Kulunda steppe. Non-cellulosic sugars were chosen as an OM quality parameter, as they enter the soil in large amounts with litter, root residues, plant rhizodeposits, and as by-products of microbial and faunal metabolism; moreover, they represent a major energy source for heterotrophic soil microbial communities (Cheshire, 1979;Gunina and Kuzyakov, 2015). Additionally, soil aggregate stability was determined to assess the effect of sodicity on the structural stability of the soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic matter dynamics along a salinity gradient in Siberian steppe soils

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Salt-affected soils will become more frequent in the next decades as arid and semiarid ecosystems are predicted to expand as a result of climate change. Nevertheless, little is known about organic matter (OM) dynamics in these soils, though OM is crucial for soil fertility and represents an important carbon sink. We aimed at investigating OM dynamics along a salinity and sodicity gradient in the soils of the southwestern Siberian Kulunda steppe (Kastanozem, non-sodic Solonchak, Sodic Solonchak) by assessing the organic carbon (OC) stocks, the quantity and quality of particulate and mineral-associated OM in terms of non-cellulosic neutral sugar contents and carbon isotopes (δ 13 C, 14 C activity), and the microbial community composition based on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) patterns. Aboveground biomass was measured as a proxy for plant growth and soil OC inputs. Our hypotheses were that (i) soil OC stocks decrease along the salinity gradient, (ii) the proportion and stability of particulate OM is larger in salt-affected Solonchaks compared to non-salt-affected Kastanozems, (iii) sodicity reduces the proportion and stability of mineral-associated OM, and (iv) the fungi : bacteria ratio is negatively correlated with salinity. Against our first hypothesis, OC stocks increased along the salinity gradient with the most pronounced differences between topsoils. In contrast to our second hypothesis, the proportion of particulate OM was unaffected by salinity, thereby accounting for only < 10 % in all three soil types, while mineral-associated OM contributed > 90 %. Isotopic data (δ 13 C, 14 C activity) and neutral sugars in the OM fractions indicated a comparable degree of OM transformation along the salinity gradient and that particulate OM was not more persistent under saline conditions. Our third hypothesis was also rejected, as Sodic Solonchaks contained more than twice as much mineral-bound OC than the Kastanozems, which we ascribe to the flocculation of OM and mineral components under higher ionic strength conditions. Contrary to the fourth hypothesis, the fungi : bacteria ratio in the topsoils remained fairly constant along the salinity gradient. A possible explanation for why our hypotheses were not affirmed is that soil moisture covaried with salinity along the transect, i.e., the Solonchaks were generally wetter than the Kastanozems. This might cause comparable water stress conditions for plants and microorganisms, either due to a low osmotic or a low matric potential and resulting in (i) similar plant growth and hence soil OC inputs along the transect, (ii) a comparable persistence of particulate OM, and (iii) unaffected fungi : bacteria ratios. We conclude that saltaffected soils contribute significantly to the OC storage in the semiarid soils of the Kulunda steppe, while most of the Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 14 N. Bischoff et al.: Organic matter dynamics along a salinity gradient OC is associated with minerals and is therefore effectively s...

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Sugars in soil and sweets for microorganisms: Review of origin, content, composition and fate

Cited by 417 publications

References 100 publications

Tillage-induced short-term soil organic matter turnover and respiration

Tillage-induced short-term soil organic matter turnover and respiration

Rhizosphere modelling reveals spatiotemporal distribution of daidzein shaping soybean rhizosphere bacterial community

Organic matter dynamics along a salinity gradient in Siberian steppe soils

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