SUHI analysis using Local Climate Zones—A comparison of 50 cities

Bechtel, Benjamin; Demuzere, Matthias; Mills, Gerald; Zhan, Wenfeng; Sismanidis, Panagiotis; Small, Christopher; Voogt, James A.

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2019.01.005

Cited by 222 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…that LCZs can inspire scientific and rational urban planning strategies in terms of the sustainable development of cities, this study adopted the WUDAPT level 0 procedure [32][33][34] as a tool to provide an in-depth understanding of the historical spatiotemporal LCZ dynamics in Kunming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing Kunming’s (China) Historical Urban Planning Policies Through Local Climate Zones

et al. 2019

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Over the last decade, Kunming has been subject to a strong urbanisation driven by rapid economic growth and socio-economic, topographical and proximity factors. As this urbanisation is expected to continue in the future, it is important to understand its environmental impacts and the role that spatial planning strategies and urbanisation regulations can play herein. This is addressed by (1) quantifying the cities’ expansion and intra-urban restructuring using Local Climate Zones (LCZs) for three periods in time (2005, 2011 and 2017) based on the World Urban Database and Access Portal Tool (WUDAPT) protocol, and (2) cross-referencing observed land-use and land-cover changes with existing planning regulations. The results of the surveys on urban development show that, between 2005 and 2011, the city showed spatial expansion, whereas between 2011 and 2017, densification mainly occurred within the existing urban extent. Between 2005 and 2017, the fraction of open LCZs increased, with the largest increase taking place between 2011 and 2017. The largest decrease was seen for low the plants (LCZ D) and agricultural greenhouse (LCZ H) categories. As the potential of LCZs as, for example, a heat stress assessment tool has been shown elsewhere, understanding the relation between policy strategies and LCZ changes is important to take rational urban planning strategies toward sustainable city development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing Kunming’s (China) Historical Urban Planning Policies Through Local Climate Zones

et al. 2019

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“…In the case of LCZ mapping, some LCZ types are quite similar to one another in terms of their physical characteristics (e.g., "LCZ 2: compact mid-rise" and "LCZ 3: compact low-rise"), and a misclassification between two physically similar LCZ types will not pose as great a problem for urban climate studies as a misclassification between two physically dissimilar LCZ types (e.g., "LCZ 1: compact high-rise" and "LCZ A: dense trees"). Evidence of this can be seen in Bechtel et al [3], where, based on an analysis of LCZ maps and land surface temperature data from 50 cities around the world, LCZ types with more similar physical characteristics were found to have more similar surface urban heat island intensities. Similar findings were also reported in individual case studies [2,10,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The LCZ classification scheme divides the landscape into 17 classes, each having different surface structure, land cover, and anthropogenic heat emission characteristics (hereafter "physical characteristics") that affect the local air temperature [2]. LCZ maps have become an important source of data for studies on urban climatology [2][3][4][5] and urban planning [6]. In a more general context, the LCZ classification scheme has also been suggested as a standardized framework for the mapping of urban form at the global scale, as it can provide information on the basic physical properties of any urban area [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second shortcoming results in the assignment of lower penalizations to map classification errors that have larger impacts on the predicted microclimate (i.e., to misclassifications of physically dissimilar LCZ types), which is the opposite of what is logical. In the literature related to LCZ mapping, most past studies have used the traditional LULC map error matrix to evaluate LCZ mapping accuracy [4,7,12,14], while a few studies have used the method proposed by Bechtel et al [3,18]. Thus, it is critical to develop more suitable LCZ map accuracy assessment metrics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Local Climate Zone (LCZ) Map Accuracy Assessments Should Account for Land Cover Physical Characteristics that Affect the Local Thermal Environment

Johnson

Jozdani

2019

Remote Sensing

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Local climate zone (LCZ) maps are increasingly being used to help understand and model the urban microclimate, but traditional land use/land cover map (LULC) accuracy assessment approaches do not convey the accuracy at which LCZ maps depict the local thermal environment. 17 types of LCZs exist, each having unique physical characteristics that affect the local microclimate. Many studies have focused on generating LCZ maps using remote sensing data, but nearly all have used traditional LULC map accuracy metrics, which penalize all map classification errors equally, to evaluate the accuracy of these maps. Here, we proposed a new accuracy assessment approach that better explains the accuracy of the physical properties (i.e., surface structure, land cover, and anthropogenic heat emissions) depicted in an LCZ map, which allows for a better understanding of the accuracy at which the map portrays the local thermal environment.

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“…Leconte et al [18], Kotharkar and Bagade [19], and Alexander and Mills [20] compared the air temperature variation in LCZs using mobile measurements. Geletič et al [21], Cai et al [10] and Bechtel et al [22] adopted LST derived from remote sensor images to investigate the thermal environment difference of LCZs in one or multiple cities. Wang et al [23] compared LST and LCZ changes for different years in Pearl River Delta (China).…”

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confidence: 99%

Urban Design Factors Influencing Surface Urban Heat Island in the Humid Subtropical Region Based on Local Climate Zone

Shi¹,

Xiang²,

Zhang³

2019

Preprint

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Surface urban heat island (SUHI) depicts the deteriorating thermal environment in high-density cities and local climate zone (LCZ) classification provides a universal protocol for SUHI identification. In this study, taking the central urbanized area of Guangzhou in the humid subtropical region of China as the study area, the maps or images of LCZ, land surface temperature (LST), SUHI and urban design factors were achieved by using Landsat satellite data, GIS database and a series of retrieval and classification algorithms, and the urban design factors influencing SUHI were investigated based on 625 samples of LCZs. The results show that in the summer daytime under the clear sky condition, the LST varied greatly from 26 °C to 40 °C and the SUHI changed in a wide range of -6 °C to 8 °C in the LCZs of the study area. Seven and five urban design factors influencing the summer daytime SUHI were identified for the two dominant LCZ of LCZs 1-5 (LCZ 1 to LCZ 5) and the mixed LCZ (containing at least three types of LCZs), respectively. The summer daytime SUHI prediction models were obtained by using the step-wise multiple linear regression, with the performance of R2 of 0.697, RMSE of 1.21 °C, and the d value of 0.81 for the model of LCZs 1-5, and the values of 0.666, 1.66 °C, and 0.76 for the model of the mixed LCZ, indicating that the models can predict the changes of SUHI with LCZs to a large and satisfactory extent. This study presents a methodology to efficiently achieve a large sample of SUHI and urban design factors of LCZs in the largely urbanized cities, and provides information beneficial to the urban designs and regenerations in the humid subtropical region.

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SUHI analysis using Local Climate Zones—A comparison of 50 cities

Cited by 222 publications

References 68 publications

Revealing Kunming’s (China) Historical Urban Planning Policies Through Local Climate Zones

Revealing Kunming’s (China) Historical Urban Planning Policies Through Local Climate Zones

Local Climate Zone (LCZ) Map Accuracy Assessments Should Account for Land Cover Physical Characteristics that Affect the Local Thermal Environment

Urban Design Factors Influencing Surface Urban Heat Island in the Humid Subtropical Region Based on Local Climate Zone

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