Suicidal Behavior in the Context of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder — Psychiatric and Psychosocial Aspects

Abstract

Background: stress and trauma are important both for the development of PTSD and suicide, however, suicidal behavior in PTSD is not characterized enough. The aim of this narrative review is to present the latest and most evidence-based data on the relationship between suicidal behavior (in its wide range of manifestations — from suicidal thoughts and attempts to completedsuicide) with a psychiatric diagnosis of PTSD, or with individual symptoms of this disorder in different contingents. Materials and methods: data search was performed in PubMed and e-Library, as well as in relevant monographs, mostly evidence-based sources. Results: the data available strongly suggest that PTSD is not a priority, but a significant factor in an increased risk of suicide, especially in case of comorbidity with depression and addictions. The more a particular group is exposed to traumatic stress, the stronger the relationship between PTSD symptoms and suicidal behavior. The impact of PTSD on suicidality is largely mediated by the comorbidity and severity of psychosocial maladjustment that often accompanies PTSD. Dependence on a traumatic event and stress vulnerability are common links in the pathogenesis of PTSD, depression, and suicide. Conclusion: in clinical practice, the presence of a diagnosis or selected symptoms of PTSD is the reason for closer attention to the suicidal tendencies of the patient and the use of targeted prevention measures. On the population level, it is necessary to pay more attention to general hardiness and stress resilience.