Suicidal Ideation among Italian and Spanish Young Adults: The Role of Sexual Orientation

Baiocco, Roberto; Ioverno, Salvatore; Lonigro, Antonia; Baumgartner, Emma; Laghi, Fiorenzo

doi:10.1080/13811118.2013.833150

Cited by 51 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Consistent with prior studies [18,23,24], we confirmed the hypothesis of finding a higher level of internalized homophobia in gay participants compared to lesbian ones. In the Portuguese context, sexism plays a dominant role in the social pressure to conform to heteronormative gender roles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Internalized Homophobia and Suicidal Ideation among LGB Youth

Pereira¹

2015

J Psychiatry

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Objective: The objectives of this study are to evaluate the relation between internalized homophobia and suicidal ideation in young lesbians, gays, bisexuals and heterosexuals; and also assess the influence of gender, discrimination experiences and disclosure of sexual orientation on suicidal ideation. Method:Participants-the sample consists of 389 participants, with a mean age of 19 years old. 51.9% were men and 48.1% were women. Regarding sexual orientation 36.0% were gay, 25.2% bisexual, 21.9% lesbian and17.0% heterosexual. The majority assume having already come out (61.4%). Most of the participants were in high school (51.4%).Instruments-we used a Demographic Questionnaire, the Suicide Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ) (Cronbach's alpha=0,975), and the Internalized Homophobia Questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha=0.81).Procedure -the data collection was done using the Internet. The questionnaires were available on a website built solely for this study. Publicity to this website was done through virtual communities, e-mail and several youth forums.Results: The results support the idea that there is a positive and statistically significant correlation between internalized homophobia and suicidal ideation. In addition, it was found that gay youngsters are the ones who have a stronger internalized homophobia, while young bisexuals are the ones who have higher levels of suicidal ideation. The teenagers who have not, yet, made their disclosure of sexual orientation and those who experienced discrimination, due to their sexual orientation, are those who had higher levels of suicidal ideation. Conclusion:More emphasis should be placed on suicide prevention for younger LGB individuals, in addition to the current emphasis on suicide prevention for adults. Future research should continue to examine unique, understudied LGB communities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Lower self-esteem has also been associated to suicidal ideation [16], and suicidal attempt [17]. Finally, recent studies show that past victimization experiences and IH have a significant direct effect on suicide ideation [18], indicating that when compared with non-LGB youth, LGB youth had increased odds of suicide ideation [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internalized Homophobia and Suicidal Ideation among LGB Youth

Pereira¹

2015

J Psychiatry

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“…56 A study that compared heterosexual and lesbian/gay youths aged 16-25 found internalized negativity towards same-sex attraction to be related to higher levels of psychological distress (especially during the stage of coming out) but not directly to suicidal behaviour. 57 Internalized sexual stigma was found to have a significant effect on life repulsion as an aspect of suicide ideation in Spanish and Italian gay and lesbian individuals aged 18-35 years 58 , and to be positively associated with lifetime history of suicide attempts in transgender people (mean age 30 years) in Argentina. 59 To summarise, at the individual level, non-accepting attitudes of society and close network and related prejudices, stigma, victimization and discrimination may lead to internalized homo-/bi-/trans-phobia in sexual minority young persons; this, in turn, may exacerbate psychological distress and lead to self-hate feelings and suicidality.…”

Section: Close-network Level: Acceptance and Support From Family And mentioning

confidence: 96%

Suicidal behaviour among sexual-minority youth: a review of the role of acceptance and support

Poštuvan

Podlogar

Šedivy

et al. 2019

The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

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Sexual minority youths have two-to threefold higher risk for suicidal behaviour compared to their peers. They also face increased levels of different mental health risk factors, such as depression and substance abuse, and are often victims of homophobia and discrimination. However, available data are unable to provide a clear understanding of the psychosocial factors contributing to these unfavourable mental health indicators. Therefore, this study reviews current knowledge about the impact of factors such as acceptance and support as possible risk or protective factors for the development of suicidal behaviour among sexual minority youth. Thirty four articles were eventually included in the review process; their content was contextualised at three different levels (society, social network and individual) and then integrated into a model. This study shows how negative social environments, such as non-acceptant school climate, lack of support within closest social network, and absence of LGBT support movements in communities, contribute to the development of suicidality in young persons. Unsupportive reactions are internalised and played out at the individual's level as internalised homo-/bi-/transphobic patterns. In order to prevent suicidal behaviour, all these aspects need to be taken into consideration.

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“…La ideación suicida y el intento de suicidio en adolescentes y jóvenes españoles y portugueses se han relacionado consistentemente con estas situaciones (Baiocco et al, 2014;Pereira y Rodrigues, 2015), así como la homofobia internalizada (Pereira y Rodrigues, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Actitudes hacia la homosexualidad en adolescentes gallegos/as: aportaciones de la Pedagogía Queer

Carrera‐Fernández

Almeida

Fernández

et al. 2017

R Est Inv Psico y Educ

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ResumenEl objetivo del trabajo es analizar las actitudes hacia la homosexualidad e identificar su relación con los estereotipos de género. Participaron 1405 adolescentes gallegos/as con una media de edad de 15.12 años. Se observa que los chicos son más instrumentales y expresan actitudes significativamente más negativas hacia la homosexualidad y el lesbianismo. Por otra parte, las chicas son más expresivas y manifiestan actitudes más positivas hacia la homosexualidad tanto femenina como masculina. La instrumentalidad correlaciona positivamente con la homofobia y la expresividad correlaciona negativamente tanto con la homofobia como con la lesbofobia. Se destacan las aportaciones de la Pedagogía Queer. Palabras clave: adolescencia, homofobia, estereotipos de género, Pedagogía Queer. AbstractThe aim of this study is to analyze attitudes towards homosexuality and to identify their relationship with gender stereotypes. A total of 1405 Galician adolescents (mean age=15.12 years) participated in the study. Boys are more instrumental and exhibite more negative attitudes towards homosexuality and lesbianism than girls. By constrast, girls exhibite more favorable attitudes towards both female and male homosexuality. Instrumentality correlates positively with homophobia, and expressiveness correlates negatively with both homophobia and lesbophobia. Contributions of Queer Pedagogogy are discussed. Keywords: adolescence, homophobia, gender estereotypes, Queer Pedagogy. IntroducciónEl término homofobia fue acuñado en 1971 por Smith, que lo definió como una actitud de miedo y rechazo a la homosexualidad y que implica, por tanto, una actitud discriminatoria dirigida hacia una persona en función de su identidad homosexual. Se caracteriza por un sentimiento de superioridad con respecto al otro, deshumanización del otro, que se ve como carente de emociones y conciencia, y convicción de ser merecedor de privilegios y estar en la posición correcta (Viñuales, 2002).Una compleja definición de homofobia sería el miedo, de los hombres a amar a otros hombres, de hecho, la identidad masculina tradicional se construye sobre la misoginia y la homofobia (Epstein, O'Flynn, y Teldford, 2003). Desde esta perspectiva, la homofobia no sólo afecta a los homosexuales, sino a todos los hombres que no se adaptan a los estereotipos tradicionales impuestos para su género, afectando a todos ellos sin excepción, con la amenaza de degradarles al estatus de "maricas", "calzonazos" o "nenazas" (Guasch, 2006). Poniéndose de relieve la rigidez de la matriz heterosexual (Butler, 1990(Butler, , 1993, de modo que transgredir cualquier estereotipo de género relativo a la masculinidad tradicional pone en cuestionamiento la heterosexualidad.Asimismo, la homofobia, en tanto que actitud discriminatoria dirigida hacia una persona en función de su identidad homosexual, va dirigida también hacia las mujeres lesbianas, lo que se conoce también como lesbofobia (Viñuales, 2002), término que pone de manifiesto la doble discriminación a la que está sujeta la mujer lesbiana ...

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Suicidal Ideation among Italian and Spanish Young Adults: The Role of Sexual Orientation

Cited by 51 publications

References 40 publications

Internalized Homophobia and Suicidal Ideation among LGB Youth

Internalized Homophobia and Suicidal Ideation among LGB Youth

Suicidal behaviour among sexual-minority youth: a review of the role of acceptance and support

Actitudes hacia la homosexualidad en adolescentes gallegos/as: aportaciones de la Pedagogía Queer

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