Suicidal ideation among students of a medical college in Western Nepal: A cross-sectional study

Menezes, Ritesh G.; Subba, S.H.; Sathian, Brijesh; Kharoshah, Magdy A.; Senthilkumaran, Subramanian; Pant, Sadip; Arun, M.; Kundapur, Rashmi; Jain, Animesh; Lobo, Stany W.; Shankar, Pathiyil Ravi

doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2012.02.004

Cited by 52 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In the same way, we classified the participants as having anxiety and not having anxiety. The internal consistency of the Nepali version of HADS was satisfactory (HADS-A α=0.76 and HADS-D α=0.68) [51]. In the current study, the Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was good (HADS-A α=0.74 and HADS-D α=0.73).…”

Section: Outcome Variablessupporting

confidence: 47%

“…Depression, anxiety, and burnout were classified as the outcome variables. Depression and anxiety were assessed by using the validated Nepali version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) [51] which consists of two subscales: namely an anxiety scale (HADS-A) and a depression scale (HADS-D) each with seven items. As an example, the characteristic items are: "I feel tensed or 'wound up'", "I can laugh and see the funny side of things", "I have lost interest in my appearance".…”

Section: Outcome Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression, anxiety, and burnout among medical students and residents of a medical school in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Pokhrel

Khadayat

Tulachan

2020

Preprint

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Background: Medical students and residents were found to have suffered from depression, anxiety, and burnout in various studies. However, these entities have not been adequately explored in the context of Nepal. We proposed to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, burnout, their associated factors, and identify their predictors in a sample of medical students and residents in a Nepalese medical school.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study with 651 medical students and residents chosen at random between December 2018 and February 2019. The validated Nepali version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, and Medical Students' Stressor Questionnaire were used to assess depression, anxiety, burnout, and stressors respectively. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify the correlation of predictor variables with depression, anxiety, and burnout.Results: The overall prevalence of burnout (48.8%; 95% CI 44.9-52.7) and anxiety (45.3%; 95% CI 41.4-49.2) was more than that of depression (31%; 95% CI 27.5-34.7). Burnout and depression were more prevalent in residents than in medical students (burnout: 64.5% vs 37.6%, P-value < 0.0001; depression: 33.7% vs 29.1%, P-value 0.21). Whereas, medical students were found more anxious than residents (46.3% versus 43.96%, P-value 0.55). Academic related stressors caused high-grade stress to participants. Multivariable model for depression significantly showed anxiety, personal burnout, and work-related burnout as risk enhancing correlates; satisfaction with academic performance as a protective correlate. Similarly, the multivariate model for anxiety significantly identified female gender, depression, personal burnout, teaching and learning related stressors, and past history of mental illness as risk enhancing correlates; being satisfied with academic performance, getting adequate sleep, and being a second-year resident as protective correlates. The logistic model for burnout significantly showed being a first-year resident, depression, anxiety, and drive and desire related stressors as positive predictors. None of the variables were identified as significant negative predictors of burnout. Conclusions: A high prevalence of depression, anxiety, and burnout was seen among medical students and residents. Most of them were stressed with academic-related factors. A strong correlation between teaching and learning-related stressors with depression and anxiety may be a call for an efficient and more student-friendly curriculum.

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Section: Outcome Variablessupporting

confidence: 47%

Section: Outcome Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression, anxiety, and burnout among medical students and residents of a medical school in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Pokhrel

Khadayat

Tulachan

2020

Preprint

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“…Then the questionnaire was back-translated into English by another two language experts and validated. Recent suicidal ideation (over the past 12 months) was assessed with the help of four questions in the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ28) pertaining to suicide [15,16]. These questions were validated and found to have similar sensitivity in detecting suicidal ideation as other suicidal intent scales [17].…”

Section: Methodology Study Design and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cigarette smoking dose-response and suicidal ideation among young people in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Sathian

Menezes

Asim

et al. 2020

Nepal J Epidemiology

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Background: Worldwide, tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for morbidity and early mortality among adult population. The present study aimed to find out the association between current smoking and suicidal ideation among young people in Nepal. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was carried out among 452 youths from Pokhara, Nepal. The present study included both genders (age 18-24 years) who were smokers as well as non-smokers. Results: Across the study period, 452 participants were identified after matching for age, and sex (226 in the smoking group and 226 in the non-smoking group). The mean age of participants was 21.6±1.2 years and 58.8% were males. The overall rate of suicidal ideation in our cohort was 8.9%. Smokers were slightly more likely to report suicidal ideation than non-smokers (aOR 1.12). The risk of developing suicidal ideation was 3.56 (95% CI 1.26-10.09) times more in individuals who smoked greater than 3.5 cigarettes per week (p=0.01). Conclusion: The rate of suicidal ideation was slightly higher among smokers and a dose-response relationship was identified with the number of cigarettes smoked per week. Being aware of the link between smoking and suicidal ideation may help health care professionals working with young people to address more effectively the issues of mental well-being and thoughts about suicide.

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“…Twenty-four cross-sectional studies (n = 21 002) in 15 countries reported on the prevalence of suicidal ideation (Table 2). 4,5,34,62,65,73,74,79,112,160,165,167,174,[185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195] Medical student training level, continent or region, country, diagnostic criteria or screening instrument cutoff, and total Newcastle-Ottawa scores for the studies appear in eTable 1 in the Supplement. Newcastle-Ottawa score components for all 195 individual studies appear in eTable 2 in the Supplement.…”

Section: Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students

Rotenstein

Ramos

Torre

et al. 2016

JAMA

1,846

1,409

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IMPORTANCE Medical students are at high risk for depression and suicidal ideation. However, the prevalence estimates of these disorders vary between studies.OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation in medical students.DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION Systematic search of EMBASE, ERIC, MEDLINE, psycARTICLES, and psycINFO without language restriction for studies on the prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, or suicidal ideation in medical students published before September 17, 2016. Studies that were published in the peer-reviewed literature and used validated assessment methods were included.DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Information on study characteristics; prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation; and whether students who screened positive for depression sought treatment was extracted independently by 3 investigators. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESPoint or period prevalence of depression, depressive symptoms, or suicidal ideation as assessed by validated questionnaire or structured interview.RESULTS Depression or depressive symptom prevalence data were extracted from 167 cross-sectional studies (n = 116 628) and 16 longitudinal studies (n = 5728) from 43 countries. All but 1 study used self-report instruments. The overall pooled crude prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms was 27.2% (37 933/122 356 individuals; 95% CI, 24.7% to 29.9%, I 2 = 98.9%). Summary prevalence estimates ranged across assessment modalities from 9.3% to 55.9%. Depressive symptom prevalence remained relatively constant over the period studied (baseline survey year range of 1982-2015; slope, 0.2% increase per year [95% CI, −0.2% to 0.7%]). In the 9 longitudinal studies that assessed depressive symptoms before and during medical school (n = 2432), the median absolute increase in symptoms was 13.5% (range, 0.6% to 35.3%). Prevalence estimates did not significantly differ between studies of only preclinical students and studies of only clinical students (23.7% [95% CI, 19.5% to 28.5%] vs 22.4% [95% CI, 17.6% to 28.2%]; P = .72). The percentage of medical students screening positive for depression who sought psychiatric treatment was 15.7% (110/954 individuals; 95% CI, 10.2% to 23.4%, I 2 = 70.1%). Suicidal ideation prevalence data were extracted from 24 cross-sectional studies (n = 21 002) from 15 countries. All but 1 study used self-report instruments. The overall pooled crude prevalence of suicidal ideation was 11.1% (2043/21 002 individuals; 95% CI, 9.0% to 13.7%, I 2 = 95.8%). Summary prevalence estimates ranged across assessment modalities from 7.4% to 24.2%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this systematic review, the summary estimate of the prevalence of depression or depressive symptoms among medical students was 27.2% and that of suicidal ideation was 11.1%. Further research is nee...

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Suicidal ideation among students of a medical college in Western Nepal: A cross-sectional study

Cited by 52 publications

References 13 publications

Depression, anxiety, and burnout among medical students and residents of a medical school in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Depression, anxiety, and burnout among medical students and residents of a medical school in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Cigarette smoking dose-response and suicidal ideation among young people in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students

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