Suicide and Occupation

Boxer, Peter A.; Burnett, Carol A.; Swanson, Naomi G.

doi:10.1097/00043764-199504000-00016

Cited by 113 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Socio-economic status is one risk factors for suicide ideation and attempt. Findings showed low socio-economic status could be associated with suicide ideation and suicide attempts [46]. Study by Qin, Agerbo, and Mortensen [47] also found that low socio-economic status is an important risk factor for suicide, especially in males.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of social support and spiritual wellbeing in predicting suicidal ideation among marginalized adolescents in Malaysia

et al. 2019

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Background The high number of adolescents and young adults harbouring suicidal ideation, as reported by the Ministry of Health Malaysia, is alarming. This cross-sectional study aims to examine the association between social support and spiritual wellbeing in predicting suicidal ideation among Malaysian adolescents. Methods A total of 176 adolescents in selected urban areas in the states of Wilayah Persekutuan and Selangor were selected. The Suicide Ideation Scale (SIS) was used to measure the level of severity or tendency of suicidal ideation. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was used to measure the perceived social support received by the respondent while the Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWBS) was used to measure the religious wellbeing (RWB), the existential wellbeing (EWB) and the overall score of spiritual wellbeing (SWB). Results The study found that both RWB and EWB showed significant negative correlation with suicidal ideation. Similarly, support from family and friends also showed a negative correlation with suicidal ideation. Further analysis using multiple regressions showed that RWB and SWB, and family support predict suicidal ideation in adolescents. Conclusion Spiritual wellbeing in combination with family support plays a major role in predicting suicidal ideation. Therefore, intervention for encompassing spirituality and family support may contribute to a more positive outcome in suicidal adolescents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of social support and spiritual wellbeing in predicting suicidal ideation among marginalized adolescents in Malaysia

et al. 2019

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“…There is a clear need for research into suicidal thoughts and behaviors among EMTs and paramedics. In this context, it is notable that healthcare professionals, more broadly, have elevated risk for suicide (Boxer et al, 1995;Platt, Hawton, Simkin, Dean, & Mellanby, 2012). In their study focused primarily on firefighters, Stanley and colleagues (2015) found that firefighters who were members of departments that also responded to emergency medical services calls were nearly six times more likely to report having made a career suicide attempt.…”

Section: Emts/paramedicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40,000 individuals die by suicide each year in the U.S. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015); an estimated one million adults make a non-fatal suicide attempt and eight million adults experience serious thoughts of suicide annually (Crosby, Han, Ortega, Parks, & Gfroerer, 2011). Research has consistently demonstrated differential suicide risk across occupational groups (Boxer, Burnett, & Swanson, 1995;Milner, Spittal, Pirkis, & LaMontagne, 2013), with some studies finding relatively higher rates of fatalities among protective services workers (cf. first responders), in particular (Tiesman et al, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among police officers, firefighters, EMTs, and paramedics

Stanley

Hom

Joiner

2016

Clinical Psychology Review

344

295

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First responders-police officers, firefighters, emergency medical technicians (EMTs), and paramedics-experience significant job-related stressors and exposures that may confer increased risk for mental health morbidities (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], suicidal thoughts and behaviors) and hastened mortality (e.g., death by suicide). Inherent in these occupations, however, are also factors (e.g., camaraderie, pre-enlistment screening) that may inoculate against the development or maintenance of psychiatric conditions. Several reviews of the literature have documented the prevalence and potency of PTSD among first responders; the value of these extant reviews is considerable. Nonetheless, the literature has not been systematically described with regard to suicidality. In this systematic review, we present 63 quantitative studies examining suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and/or fatalities among first responders; identify population-specific risk and protective factors; and pinpoint strengths and weaknesses of the existing literature. Findings reveal elevated risk for suicide among first responders; however, studies utilizing more rigorous methodologies (e.g., longitudinal designs, probability sampling strategies) are sorely needed. First responders have an armamentarium of resources to take care of others; it is the duty of researchers, clinicians, and the public to aid in taking care of their health as well, in part by reducing suicide risk.

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“…Additional local studies would be necessary to test if the greatest suicidal risk is actually associated with certain types of occupation or profession. In this sense, studies have reported that high suicide rates particularly affect certain occupations or professions (Boxer, Burnett, & Swanson, 1995; Milner, Spittal, Pirkis, & LaMontagne, 2013) and have suggested that there would be a stepwise gradient in risk, with the lowest skilled occupations being at a greater risk of suicide than the highest skill-level group. However, the highest rates of suicide in certain occupational groups could be the result of a complex interaction between factors of the work environment, such as work stress and access to suicidal methods, and other risk factors, such as age and the presence of mental disorders (Boxer et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, studies have reported that high suicide rates particularly affect certain occupations or professions (Boxer, Burnett, & Swanson, 1995; Milner, Spittal, Pirkis, & LaMontagne, 2013) and have suggested that there would be a stepwise gradient in risk, with the lowest skilled occupations being at a greater risk of suicide than the highest skill-level group. However, the highest rates of suicide in certain occupational groups could be the result of a complex interaction between factors of the work environment, such as work stress and access to suicidal methods, and other risk factors, such as age and the presence of mental disorders (Boxer et al, 1995). However, more recent findings suggest that, with the exception of physicians and nurses, most of the suicide over-risk associated with particular occupations would be understood in terms of the social and economic characteristics of the people carrying these occupations (Agerbo, Gunnell, Bonde, Mortensen, & Nordentoft, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is unemployment less important than expected for suicide attempted in developing regions? Occupational profile of suicide attempts in Jujuy, north westernmost Argentina

Steinmetz

Godoy

2019

Int J Soc Psychiatry

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Background: Mental health practices consider unemployment as a suicide main risk factor, based on models built for populations of developed countries. Aim: This study assesses the association between the occupational risk factor and suicidal behaviors, by considering sex, age and temporal distribution, in a Latin American Andean population from north westernmost Argentina. Methods: Data include 481 suicide attempt cases assisted by emergency service psychologists at a head hospital in the Jujuy Province, northern Argentina, during two biennials. General categories and specific types of occupational situation, sex, age and temporal distribution were analyzed. Results: 83.58% of cases corresponded to the with occupation category, but without occupation characterized male cases ( p-value = .01). The type no referred occupation (19.15%) mainly contributed to this association ( p-value = .02). Unemployed only represented 1.6%. These features revealed independent from the biennial period of assistance ( p-value = .96 (general), p-value = .86 (specific)). Associations by age ranges did not seem to be specific of suicidal attempts. Conclusion: The present contribution provides an occupational characterization of suicide attempts in an Andean population from north westernmost Argentina. Unemployment is not associated with suicidal behavior in this population, suggesting that dissimilar patterns underlie suicidal behavior of populations from developed and developing regions.

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Suicide and Occupation

Cited by 113 publications

References 0 publications

The role of social support and spiritual wellbeing in predicting suicidal ideation among marginalized adolescents in Malaysia

The role of social support and spiritual wellbeing in predicting suicidal ideation among marginalized adolescents in Malaysia

A systematic review of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among police officers, firefighters, EMTs, and paramedics

Is unemployment less important than expected for suicide attempted in developing regions? Occupational profile of suicide attempts in Jujuy, north westernmost Argentina

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