Suicide and suicide risk

Abstract

Although recent years have seen large decreases in the overall global rate of suicide fatalities, this trend is not reflected everywhere. Suicide and suicidal behaviour continue to present key challenges for public policy and health services, with increasing suicide deaths in some countries, such as the USA. The development of suicide risk is complex, involving contributions from biological (including genetics), psychological (such as certain personality traits), clinical (comorbid psychiatric illness), social and environmental factors. The involvement of multiple risk factors in conveying risk of suicide means that determining an individual's risk of suicide is challenging. Improving risk assessment, for example using computer testing and genetic screening, is an area of ongoing research. Prevention is key to reduce the number of suicide deaths, and current efforts include universal, selective and indicated interventions, although these interventions are often delivered in combination. These interventions, combined with psychological (such as cognitive behavioural therapy, caring contacts and safety planning) and pharmacological treatments (for example, clozapine and ketamine) and coordinated social and public health initiatives, should continue to improve the management of suicidal patients and decrease suicide-associated morbidity. [H1] Epidemiology Based on self-report survey data, the WHO has estimated that for every death by suicide ~20 people make suicide attempts 1. This ratio varies from country to country depending on the lethality of commonly used suicide methods. In all countries, the incidence of suicide attempts is highest in individuals 15-24 years of age. By comparison, the lowest rates of suicide is observed amongst young people <15 years of age, with the highest generally observed in people >75 years of age 1. However, the age-groups with the highest incidence at other ages vary from region to region; for example, in a 25

Conséquences psychopathologiques du confinement

“…Quant au risque suicidaire, tous les facteurs de risque de dépression évoqués dans ce paragraphe sont aussi des facteurs de risque de suicide (95). Le risque est majoré chez les sujets souffrant de troubles psychiatriques dont le suivi est diminué du fait des mesures sanitaires, d'où l'importance de maintenir le lien avec nos patients : par téléphone, par téléconsultation ou en présentiel en situation d'urgence (86,96…”

Suicidality and associated social, demographic and clinical factors in Thai patients with acutely treated depressive disorder: a cross-sectional study

“…The demographic, clinical and social factors associated with moderate-to-high suicide risk that were consistently found in this current and many previous studies include being non-religious, being unemployed, having a history of substance use [3,[38][39][40], having a higher severity of depression [12,[38][39][40], being an in-patient [41], shorter duration of treatment [42], low social support, and high severity of health stress events [4,39].…”

“…Persons who have a risk of suicide generally have genetic vulnerability, diagnosed mental illness, social isolation and impulsiveness [3]. Psychosocial stressors are also found to be associated with suicide, for example, perceived social support, life stress events and poor family communication [4,5].…”

What differentiates prisoners who attempt suicide from those who experience suicidal ideation? A nationally representative study

“…Similarly, one Italian study suggests that violent index offences are associated with suicide attempt, but not with suicidal ideation, in male prisoners (Sarchiapone et al, 2009). The consistent finding that violent offenders are at an increased risk of suicide compared with their non-violent peers (Favril, 2019;Fazel et al, 2008;Webb et al, 2011) impulsive-aggressive traits, serotonergic dysfunction, and emotion regulation difficulties (Mann, 2003;McMahon et al, 2018;Turecki et al, 2019).…”

“…Suicide is a global public health concern (Turecki et al, 2019) which disproportionally impacts on the most vulnerable members of society, including people in contact with the criminal justice system (Webb et al, 2011). Specifically, suicide is a leading cause of death in prisoners , with rates at least three times higher than in age-equivalent peers outside prison (Fazel, Ramesh, & Hawton, 2017).…”