Suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia from 2007 to 2012: pesticides are the preferred method – females try but males commit suicide!

Jørs, Erik; Christoffersen, Mette; Veirum, Nikoline Høgsgaard; Aquilar, Guido Condarco; Morant, Rafael Cervantes; Konradsen, Flemming

doi:10.1515/ijamh-2013-0309

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[ 6 8 ] The other modes of DSH reported were near hanging, self-immolation, jumping from heights, self-infliction, inhalation of automobile gases, etc. [ 6 8 9 10 ] The less frequently reported modes of DSH in this study were consumption of plant poisons (7.8%), near hanging (5.3%), corrosive chemical ingestion (4.7%), and ingestion of rat killer poisons (4.2%). Multiple modes of DSH were observed in 3 patients, one patient presented with near hanging after consuming insecticide poison, the second patient consumed a combination of kerosene, insecticide and paint and the third patient consumed zinc phosphide along with paracetamol tablets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…[ 7 ] Insecticide poisoning and self-immolation were associated with high mortality rate in India while in a South American country hanging and jumping from heights had a bad outcome. [ 8 9 10 ] A wide variety of poisons like insecticides, pesticides, plant poisons, rodenticides is freely available across the country. Even drugs such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and antidepressants are easily accessible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile of deliberate self-harm patients presenting to Emergency Department: A retrospective study

Jegaraj

Mitra

Kumar

et al. 2016

J Family Med Prim Care

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Background:Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a major under-recognized epidemic in the low- and middle-income countries. This is a large retrospective study form the Emergency Department (ED) of Tertiary Care Center of South India to describe the clinicodemographic features of DSH cases.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective study conducted at ED of Christian Medical College, Vellore, India from January 01, 2011 to December 31, 2013. All cases of DSH were included in the study. The demographic details, mode of DSH and clinical outcome were extracted from the electronic medical record. Descriptive statistics are presented. Chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. For all tests, a two-sided P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:Total of 1228 patients were admitted to ED for DSH during the study period. Male and female occurred in equal ratio. More than half of the cases occurred among age group below 30 years. Consumption of pesticides (agricultural chemicals) was the single most common mode of DSH (46%), especially among men, followed by medication overdose (29.8%). Consumption of plant poison and tablet overdose was higher among women. Overall mortality due to DSH was low (1.5%) in our study.Conclusion:DSH is under-recognized major public health problem in low-middle income countries like India. Most cases occur among young and productive age group and in equal frequencies among men and women. Timely and the appropriate institution of treatment can decrease the morbidity and mortality due to DSH remarkably.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of deliberate self-harm patients presenting to Emergency Department: A retrospective study

Jegaraj

Mitra

Kumar

et al. 2016

J Family Med Prim Care

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“…The data from Kampala showed that pesticides were responsible for a majority of poisonings in the hospitals, which is consistent with studies from other low-and middle-income countries, where pesticides are easily available in retail shops and sold in the streets. 3,17,18 Men were more numerous both among self-harm and unintentional cases of poisoning. This might be due to men more often handling pesticides and therefore being more prone to occupational poisonings and, due to easy accessibility, also self-harm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Pesticide Poisoning in Rural and Urban Settings in Uganda

Pedersen

Ssemugabo

Nabankema³

et al. 2017

Environ�Health�Insights

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Pesticide poisoning is a significant burden on health care systems in many low-income countries. This study evaluates cases of registered pesticide poisonings treated in selected rural (N = 101) and urban (N = 212) health facilities in Uganda from January 2010 to August 2016. In the urban setting, pesticides were the most prevalent single poison responsible for intoxications (N = 212 [28.8%]). Self-harm constituted a significantly higher proportion of the total number of poisonings in urban (63.3%) compared with rural areas (25.6%) where unintentional poisonings prevailed. Men were older than women and represented a majority of around 60% of the cases in both the urban and rural settings. Unintentional cases were almost the only ones seen below the age of 10, whereas self-harm dominated among adolescents and young persons from 10 to 29 years of age. Organophosphorus insecticides accounted for 73.0% of the poisonings. Urban hospitals provided a more intensive treatment and had registered fever complications than rural health care settings. To minimize self-harm with pesticides, a restriction of pesticide availability as shown to be effective in other low-income countries is recommended. Training of health care workers in proper diagnosis and treatment of poisonings and improved equipment in the health care settings should be strengthened.

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“…According to the World Health Organization, every 40 seconds, a person commits suicide being the second leading cause of death among 15-29 year old 1,2 . High suicidality rates are a widespread concern, particularly in Western 3 and Central Europe 4 , the U.S. 5 , Asiatic countries such as Russia and former Socialist Republics 6 , South Korea 6 , China 7 , India 8 , Sri Lanka 9 ; and Latin American countries such as Cuba 10 , Uruguay 11 ; Ecuador 12 , Bolivia 13 , Brazil 14 , Argentina 15 and Colombia 16 . Suicide risk increases in people with mental disorders or impulsive behavior, those facing stressful situations or with easy access to harmful tools such as poisoning, hanging and firearms 17 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric validation of the Columbia-Suicide Severity rating scale in Spanish-speaking adolescents

Azcurra

2017

Colomb Med

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Introduction: Adolescent suicide is a major public health issue, and early and accurate detection is of great concern. There are many reliable instruments for this purpose, such as the Columbia-Suicide severity rating scale (C-SSRS), but no validation exists for Spanish speaking Latin American adolescents.Objetive: To assess psychometric properties and cut-off scores of the C-SSRS in Spanish speaking adolescents. Methods:Exploratory assessment with principal component analysis (PCA) and Varimax rotation, and confirmatory analysis (CFA) were performed on two groups with 782 and 834 participants respectively (N=1,616). Mean age was 24.8 years. A Receiver operator analysis was applied to distinguish between control and suicide-risk subgroups adolescents.Results: Promax rotation yielded two 10-items factors, for suicide ideation and behavior respectively. C-SSRS was positively correlated with other suicide risk scales, such as Beck Depression Inventory-II, Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised, or PHQ-9. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a two-factor solution as the best goodness of fit model. C-SSRS showed adequate ability to detect suicide risk group with positive predictive value of 68.3%. ROC analyses showed cutoff scores of ≥6 and ≥4 for suicide ideation and behavior scales respectively Conclusion: This research offers data supporting psychometric validity and reliability of C-SSRS in nonclinical Spanish-speaking students.Added benefits are flexible scoring and management easiness. This questionnaire yields data on distinct aspects of suicidality, being more parsimonious than separate administration of a bunch of questionnaires. Article history:Received Resumen Introducción: Suicidio adolescente es un problema de salud pública y su detección temprana es de gran interés. Hay numerosos instrumentos confiables para este objetivo, como la escala Columbia para la detección del riesgo de suicidio, pero no ha sido validada para población adolescente de habla hispana en Latinoamérica.Objetivo: Validar psicométricamente y explorar los puntos de corte para la escala Columbia en adolescentes de habla hispana. Métodos Conclusión:Esta investigación ofrece datos que apoyan la validez psicométrica y confiabilidad de la C-SSRS en población de estudiantes adolescentes hispano-hablantes latinoamericanos.Beneficios adicionales son un sistema de puntaje flexible y facilidad de administración. Este cuestionario ofrece datos sobre distintos aspectos de suicidalidad siendo más robusto que la administración separada de varios cuestionarios diferentes.

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Suicide attempts and suicides in Bolivia from 2007 to 2012: pesticides are the preferred method – females try but males commit suicide!

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Profile of deliberate self-harm patients presenting to Emergency Department: A retrospective study

Profile of deliberate self-harm patients presenting to Emergency Department: A retrospective study

Characteristics of Pesticide Poisoning in Rural and Urban Settings in Uganda

Psychometric validation of the Columbia-Suicide Severity rating scale in Spanish-speaking adolescents

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