Suicide deaths in dammam, kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Retrospective study

Madadin, Mohammed; Mahmoud, Amany Refaat; Alsowayigh, Kholoud; Alfaraidy, Maram

doi:10.1016/j.ejfs.2013.01.001

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These results are in agreement with Patel-Ankur et al (2013) who found that the manner of asphyxial deaths were suicide (86.6%), accident (10.3%) and homicide (3.1).Most hangings were suicides (98.7%) in this study. This result is in agreement with the findings of Madadin et al (2013) study. Similarly, hanging is a leading method of suicide in many countries, including Germany and Japan, and it is the second-leading suicidal method after intoxication in India (Joseph et al, 2003, Ojima et al, 2004and Wiesner, 2004.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Similar results were obtained by Al Madni et al (2010) and Madadin et al (2013) where ethyl alcohol was detected in the blood of 6.76% and 5.56%of hanging cases, respectively, while (11.9%) of hanging cases were found to have the presence of ethyl alcohol in a Turkish study in Istanbul (Uzün et al, 2007). This difference can be explained by religious and cultural backgrounds because alcohol beverage trading, manufacturing, and consumption are prohibited in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and severe penalties against abusers and traders are carried out under the law.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

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Asphyxial Deaths in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Two Years Retrospective Study

Hegazy

Alyahya

Aldossary³

et al. 2016

Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

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All rights reserved. Introduction iyadh is the capital city of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and includes 20 governorates with a total population of 6,167,262 people (24% of the Kingdom population). In this region, all medico-legal autopsies are performed by staffs of the Forensic Medicine Centre in Riyadh. The term asphyxia is defined as "a condition caused by interference with respiration or lack of oxygen in respired air, the result of which organs and tissues are deprived of oxygen (together with a failure to eliminate carbon dioxide), causing unconsciousness or death "(Reddy, 2009).Asphyxial deaths are common in forensic practice, and it is important to determine the manner of death in these cases. Autopsy plays a major role in such deaths, as do scene investigation and the analysis of samples (Azmak, 2006). The classification of the different forms of asphyxia is far from uniform, varying from one textbook to another and from one paper to the next (Sauvageau and Boghossian, 2010). Asphyxial deaths are often classified into the following methods: strangulation (hanging, manual, ligature), suffocation (environmental or entrapment, smothering, choking, mechanical [positional, traumatic], suffocating gases), chemical asphyxia (carbon monoxide [CO], hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulphide), and drowning (DiMaio and DiMaio, 2001). Gaseous suffocation refers to cases in which a gas displaces oxygen from the environment, leading to a hypoxic air mixture, while in chemical asphyxia, inhalation of gaseous compounds prevents the utilization of oxygen at the cellular level (Dolinak, et al., 2005). Aim of the work This study aimed to evaluate asphyxial deaths in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by the retrospective analysis of the autopsy results during two years' period (from January 1 st 2012 to 31 st December 2013). Subjects and Methods From a multinational population of more than 6 million people in Saudi Arabia, a total of 671 cases were referred to the Forensic Medicine Centre in Riyadh for autopsy over the two-year study period. Retrospective analysis of the autopsy records indicated that 172 cases (25.6%) of these deaths was attributed to asphyxia.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Asphyxial Deaths in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Two Years Retrospective Study

Hegazy

Alyahya

Aldossary³

et al. 2016

Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

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“…The World Health Organization reports that from the 800,000 people committing suicide each year, 50% are from China and India, and the highest rates reported were from Guyana, Lithuania, Hungary and South Korea [ 21 , 33 , 48 ]. Other countries including Saudi Arabia, Syria, Jordan, Nepal and Jamaica reported some of the lowest rates worldwide [ 49 , 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The disease burden of suicide in Ecuador, a 15 years’ geodemographic cross-sectional study (2001–2015)

et al. 2017

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BackgroundSuicide affects people from different backgrounds, ethnical groups, socio-economic status and geographical locations. In Latin America, suicide reports arescarce, specially in Andean countries. In Ecuador, very few reports have partially described this phenomenon, nonetheless, estimation of the burden of disease (BoD) hasnever been reported in the country.MethodsA country-wide comparison was performed using the Ministry of Public Health’s national databases of overall mortality, Hospital Discharges Database, and the Population Census of the National Institute of Census and Statistics (INEC). The study variables analyzed were age, geographical distribution to provincial level, sex, means of suicide, educational attainment, marital status and mortality. Linear Regression and relative Risk analysis were used to predict outcome and the likelihood that suicide occur among study variables.ResultsIn the last 15 years, 13,024 suicides were officially reported. Men were 3 times more likely than women to die by suicide. The overall age-adjusted suicide ratio in Ecuador corresponds to 7.1 per 100,000 per year. The sex-specific rates were 5.3 in women and 13.2 in men. The primary mean of suicide was hanging X70 (51.1%), followed by self-poisoning X68-X69 (35.2%) and firearms X72-X74 (7.6%). Provinces located at higher altitude reported higher rates than those located at sea level (9 per 100,000 vs 4.5 per 100.000). The total economic loss due to suicide was estimated to be $852.6 million during the 15 years’ analysis.ConclusionsThis is the first geodemographic study exploring the complete burden of suicide in Ecuador and one of the very few in Latin-America. In the last 15 years of available data, Ecuador ranks above the regional average with an adjusted suicide rate of 7.1 per 100,000 inhabitants. An important finding is that Suicide affects rather younger populations, adding more than 10,000 years of premature years of life lost (YYL) between 2001 and 2015, becoming the first and fourth leading cause of death among adolescent women and men respectively.Suicide affects people from different backgrounds, socioeconomic status and educational attainment. The mean of suicide changed over time showing that gun and pesticides related deaths decreased significantly since 2001, while hanging and suffocation increased in more than 50%.

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“…The rate of deaths was high in young up to the middle ages with higher incidence of successful suicidal attempts in male over all nationalities. 16 The fall from height was the second most common cause of suicide in the western study unlike in the east, which was rare (this was explained by the more feminine pattern of suicide). The Indian community represents about 7% of the total population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pattern of Suicide in the Western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Helaly¹,

Ali²,

Zidan³

2015

American Journal of Forensic Medicine &Amp; Pathology

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Suicide represents the dramatic end of human life mostly in young age. In a 5-year retrospective study in Jeddah in the western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 200 successful suicidal attempts demonstrated that hanging was the most common method of suicide with 72% of the cases, and males represented 77% of the total loses. Most fatalities were of the age range from 20s to 40s. Saudi cases constituted 18.5% of the death cases representing the second most common nationality of successful suicidal attempt in Jeddah after Indians who represented 23% of the entire study. Saudi fatalities were induced by hanging in 56% of the all Saudi deaths in contrast to about 83% in the Indian fatalities.

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Suicide deaths in dammam, kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Retrospective study

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Asphyxial Deaths in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Two Years Retrospective Study

Asphyxial Deaths in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Two Years Retrospective Study

The disease burden of suicide in Ecuador, a 15 years’ geodemographic cross-sectional study (2001–2015)

The Pattern of Suicide in the Western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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