Suicide Following Trauma

Abstract

Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States. About 9 percent of adults will experience serious suicide ideation in their lifetimes, but many fewer will go on to make a suicide attempt or die by suicide. Therefore, identification of who is likely to transition from suicidal thoughts to actions is imperative to preventing suicide deaths. Traumatic experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are two of a limited number of risk factors that differentiate suicide ideators from suicide attempters. Further, certain types of trauma and groups of people are at increased risk for suicidal thoughts and actions. For example, childhood trauma and maltreatment, as well as history of sexual assault, are both associated with unique risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors after controlling for various additional risk factors and PTSD symptom severity. Additionally, military personnel/veterans and lesbian, gay, transgender, and bisexual individuals are two high-risk populations for death by suicide. Several theories of how traumatic experiences confer increased risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors, as well as theories within the ideation-to-action framework (which explain transition from suicidal thoughts to behaviors), are presented and discussed to increase understanding of this phenomenon, as well as possible targets of intervention.

Addressing co‐occurring suicidal thoughts and behaviors and posttraumatic stress disorder in evidence‐based psychotherapies for adults: A systematic review

“…Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well‐established risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behavior, inclusive of suicidal ideation, attempts, and deaths, as well as suicide‐related inpatient hospitalization admissions (e.g., Holliday et al., 2020; May & Klonsky, 2016 Nock et al., 2009; Panagioti et al., 2012; Roberge et al., 2020; Stanley et al., 2021). Patients with more severe PTSD symptoms have been shown to report more severe suicidal ideation and engage in more suicidal behaviors (Afzali et al., 2015; Roberge et al., 2019; Stanley et al., 2021).…”

Addressing Co-occurring Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Evidence-Based Psychotherapies for Adults: A Systematic Review

“…Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a well-established risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behavior, inclusive of suicidal ideation, attempts, deaths, as well as suicide-related inpatient hospitalization admissions (e.g., Holliday et al, 2020;May & Klonsky, 2016Nock et al, 2009Roberge et al, 2020;Panagioti et al, 2012;Stanley et al, 2021). Patients with more severe PTSD report more severe suicidal ideation and engage in more suicidal behaviors (Afzali et al, 2015;Roberge et al, 2019;Stanley et al, 2021).…”