Suicide in prison

Frühwald, Stefan; Frottier, Patrick

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67327-8

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…For instance, in 2004 there were 95 suicides in prisons in England and Wales corresponding to a rate of approximately 125 per 100,000 compared to 12 per 100,000 for the general population. After adjusting for the age and sex distribution of prisoners the suicide rate among male prisoners was found to be approximately five times that of the general population over a 15‐year period (Fazel, Benning, & Danesh, 2005), and similar findings are reported in the USA and other countries (Daniel, 2006; Fruehwald, Frottier, Eher, Gutierrez, & Ritter, 2000; Fruehwald & Frottier, 2005; Shaw, Baker, Hunt, Maloney, & Appleby, 2004).…”

supporting

confidence: 55%

Contribution of Imitative Suicide to the Suicide Rate in Prisons

McKenzie¹,

Keane

2007

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Suicide rates in prisons are high. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of imitative suicide to the prison suicide rate. We used Knox tests for space-time clustering in a case register of natural and self-inflicted deaths in prisons in England and Wales and model simulations to estimate the effect size. We found significant space-time clustering among 657 self-inflicted deaths in 90 prisons over 10 years but no space-time clustering among 430 deaths from natural causes in 87 prisons over this period. Model simulations with an imitation rate of 5.8% (CI 1%-11%) reproduced the observed space-time clustering.

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supporting

confidence: 55%

Contribution of Imitative Suicide to the Suicide Rate in Prisons

McKenzie¹,

Keane

2007

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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“…This is relevant as a previous attempt at suicide is generally considered to be the best clinical predictor that a patient is at raised risk of either making a further suicide attempt or of committing suicide. In this regard it is noteworthy that 50% of British and Austrian prisoners who committed suicide in prison had previously attempted (Fruehwald et al, 2003; Fruhwald & Frottier, 2005; Shaw et al, 2004). Therefore, we decided to try to determine risk factors for suicidal behavior in prisoners.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Attempting Suicide in Prisoners

Sarchiapone¹,

Carli²,

Giannantonio³

et al. 2009

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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We wished to examine determinants of suicidal behavior in prisoners. 903 male prisoners had a psychiatric interview which included various psychometric tests. Suicide attempters were compared with prisoners who had never attempted suicide. Significantly more of the attempters had a history of psychiatric disorder, substance abuse, a family history of suicidal behavior, convictions for violent crime, had exhibited aggressive behavior in jail, and had higher BGLHA aggression scores. A similar pattern of risk factors was found for prisoners with suicidal ideation. A lifetime history of attempting suicide, or of having suicidal ideation, is frequent in prisoners. Risk factors include family, developmental, aggression, personality, psychiatric, and substance abuse factors.

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“…Homosexual men were strongly discriminated against in Nazi Germany and imprisonment in concentration camps was one of the strongest forms of discrimination at the time, including forced labor, torture and incidences of murder. These higher rates of suicidal ideation could become consummated suicides in situations of great vital pressure, as happened with homosexuals interned in Nazi concentration camps [31, 32]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of deaths by suicide of homosexual prisoners in Nazi Sachsenhausen concentration camp

Cuerda-Galindo¹,

López-Muñoz²,

Krischel³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Living conditions in Nazi concentration camps were harsh and inhumane, leading many prisoners to commit suicide. Sachsenhausen (Oranienburg, Germany) was a concentration camp that operated from 1936 to 1945. More than 200,000 people were detained there under Nazi rule. This study analyzes deaths classified as suicides by inmates in this camp, classified as homosexuals, both according to the surviving Nazi files. This collective was especially repressed by the Nazi authorities. Data was collected from the archives of Sachsenhausen Memorial and the International Tracing Service in Bad Arolsen. Original death certificates and autopsy reports were reviewed. Until the end of World War II, there are 14 death certificates which state “suicide” as cause of death of prisoners classified as homosexuals, all of them men aged between 23 and 59 years and of various religions and social strata. Based on a population of 1,200 prisoners classified as homosexuals, this allows us to calculate a suicide rate of 1,167/100,000 (over the period of eight years) for this population, a rate 10 times higher than for global inmates (111/100,000). However, our study has several limitations: not all suicides are registered; some murders were covered-up as suicides; most documents were lost during the war or destroyed by the Nazis when leaving the camps and not much data is available from other camps to compare. We conclude that committing suicides in Sachsenhausen was a common practice, although accurate data may be impossible to obtain.

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Suicide in prison

Cited by 29 publications

References 10 publications

Contribution of Imitative Suicide to the Suicide Rate in Prisons

Contribution of Imitative Suicide to the Suicide Rate in Prisons

Risk Factors for Attempting Suicide in Prisoners

Study of deaths by suicide of homosexual prisoners in Nazi Sachsenhausen concentration camp

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