Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review

Zalsman, Gil; Hawton, Keith; Wasserman, Danuta; Heeringen, Kees van; Arensman, Ella; Sarchiapone, Marco; Carli, Vladimir; Höschl, Cyril; Barzilay, Ran; Balázs, Judit; Purebl, György; Kahn, Jean Pierre; Sáiz, Pilar A.; Lipsicas, Cendrine Bursztein; Bobes, Julio; Cozman, Doina; Hegerl, Ulrich; Zohar, Joseph

doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(16)30030-x

Cited by 1,352 publications

(1,289 citation statements)

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“…Even though some risk factors for suicidality are known (e.g. young age, female gender) (Nock et al, 2008; Zalsman et al, 2016), the interaction among social, psychological and behavioural risk factors is complex. Mental disorders are, for example, known to be among the strongest predictors of suicidal behaviour (Harris & Barraclough, 1997; Nock, Hwang, Sampson, & Kessler, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

The association between different traumatic life events and suicidality

Ásgeirsdóttir

Valdimarsdóttir

Thorsteinsdottir

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Traumatic life events have been associated with increased risk of various psychiatric disorders, even suicidality. Our aim was to investigate the association between different traumatic life events and suicidality, by type of event and gender. Methods: Women attending a cancer screening programme in Iceland (n = 689) and a random sample of men from the general population (n = 709) were invited to participate. In a web-based questionnaire, life events were assessed with the Life Stressor Checklist – Revised, and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criterion was used to identify traumatic life events. Reports of lifetime suicidal thoughts, self-harm with suicidal intent and suicide attempt were considered as lifetime suicidality. We used Poisson regression, adjusted for demographic factors, to express relative risks (RRs) as a measure of the associations between traumatic events and suicidality. Results: Response rate was 66% (922/1398). The prevalence of lifetime traumatic events was 76% among women and 77% among men. Lifetime suicidality was 11% among women and 16% among men. An overall association of having experienced traumatic life events with suicidality was observed [RR 2.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–3.75], with a stronger association for men (RR 3.14, 95% CI 1.25–7.89) than for women (RR 1.45, 95% CI 0.70–2.99). Increased likelihood for suicidality was observed among those who had experienced interpersonal trauma (RR 2.97, 95% CI 1.67–5.67), childhood trauma (RR 4.09, 95% CI 2.27–7.36) and sexual trauma (RR 3.44, 95% CI 1.85–6.37), with a higher likelihood for men. In addition, an association between non-interpersonal trauma and suicidality was noted among men (RR 3.27, 95% CI 1.30–8.25) but not women (RR 1.27, 95% CI 0.59–2.70). Conclusion: Findings indicate that traumatic life events are associated with suicidality, especially among men, with the strongest association for interpersonal trauma.

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confidence: 99%

The association between different traumatic life events and suicidality

Ásgeirsdóttir

Valdimarsdóttir

Thorsteinsdottir

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] It is drawing more and more attention day by day. 16 Means restriction is the restricting the availability of the lethal means of suicide.…”

Section: Means Restrictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Means restriction is the restricting the availability of the lethal means of suicide. 6,7,17 Strategies including restricting firearms by firearm legislation, 6,[16][17][18][19] restrictions of the availability as well as safer storage of the pesticides, 6,7,17,18 using antisuicidal shower heads for hanging prevention, 6 converting packaging of toxic analgesics into smaller ones, 6,18,19 erecting the barriers in the jumping sites, 6,16,19 gas detoxification, 6,7,16,17,19 conscious prescription of barbiturates, 6 restriction on charcoal buying 6,19 . At population level means restriction is a proved and effective strategy where the method is highly lethal 7 though there is a concern of means substitution as people can switch to other methods of suicide.…”

Section: Means Restrictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 geriatric caregivers, journalist, police officers, personnel staff, and those employed in institutional settings, such as schools, prisons, military, coaches, peer helpers, youth workers, clinicians, co-workers, or other key stakeholders in the community who are in a natural position to carry out informal surveillance, detection, and assistance for those in need. 6,17,25,27 Providing education to raise the awareness of risk factors, providing formal training to the gate keepers, changing in the policy to encourage help-seeking, making resources available are the key area in the gate keeper strategy. 17,27 Systematic reviews revealed gatekeeper training is helpful in reducing the number of suicides.…”

Section: Means Restrictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,27 Systematic reviews revealed gatekeeper training is helpful in reducing the number of suicides. 6 …”

Section: Means Restrictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Suicide prevention strategies: Which one to consider?

Arafat

Kabir

2017

SE Asia J. Pub. Health

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Association Between Means Restriction of Poison and Method-Specific Suicide Rates

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCESuicide is a major and preventable cause of death worldwide. Means restriction aims to reduce the rate of completed suicides by limiting public access to lethal suicide methods. Means restriction of agents used in poisoning is more controversial because there is potential to switch to other lethal methods. OBJECTIVE To identify the changes in suicide rate by the targeted poison and the corresponding changes in suicide by other methods. EVIDENCE REVIEW Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, PsycInfo, and Web of Science)were searched for studies on national means restriction of poison that were published in the English language from inception until December 31, 2019. Of the 7657 articles that were screened by title and abstract, 62 studies were included in the analysis.FINDINGS Sixty-two studies from 26 countries in Europe, the US, Australia, Asia, and the United Kingdom were included in the review. The studies included restrictions on pesticides (15 countries), domestic gas (14 countries), motor vehicle exhaust (9 countries), and pharmaceuticals (8 countries).The median (IQR) change in method-specific suicide rates was −1.18 (−2.03 to −0.46) per 100 000 people after restrictions, whereas the median (IQR) change in other methods of suicide (not the restricted poison) was −0.09 (−2.22 to 1.65) per 100 000 people. Decreases in suicide by the restricted poison were not associated with increases in suicide by other methods. An estimated 57 355 poison-specific suicides annually (before the interventions were implemented) may have benefited the most from means restriction. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEThis systematic review found that means restriction of poison was associated with decreased method-specific suicide rates without an equivalent shift toward the use of other methods. Suicide prevention strategies need to address both individuals who are at risk and population-level policies.

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Suicide prevention strategies revisited: 10-year systematic review

Cited by 1,352 publications

References 183 publications

The association between different traumatic life events and suicidality

The association between different traumatic life events and suicidality

Suicide prevention strategies: Which one to consider?

Association Between Means Restriction of Poison and Method-Specific Suicide Rates

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