Suicide

Fazel, Seena; Runeson, Bo

doi:10.1056/nejmra1902944

Cited by 363 publications

(361 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Taken together, this recurring pattern of findings across populations and settings suggests that most mental disorders may be important in the development of suicidal ideation, but once individuals consider suicide, other factors beyond the mere presence of mental disorders may account for the progression from thoughts to acts of suicide [32][33][34][82][83][84][85]. This is in keeping with the dominant discourse which emphasizes that suicidal behaviour is a multi-determined phenomenon, and a complex web of synergistically interacting factors is implicated in its aetiology [3][4][5][6][7]. Accordingly, in view of the clinical importance of being able to make predictions about the transition from suicidal ideation to action, further delineating volitional factors that facilitate behavioural enaction among prisoners who consider suicide represents a crucial avenue of future research in this understudied yet high-risk population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Suicide is a global public health concern [1] occurring at higher rates in prisoners compared with non-incarcerated people in the community at large [2]. Like many other health outcomes, extant evidence suggests that suicide is rarely the result of a single cause or stressor, but rather depends on the cumulative and interactive effects of myriad biopsychosocial factors [3][4][5][6][7]. Notwithstanding this plethora of risk factors, the presence of a mental disorder is invariably considered one of the most robust and clinically relevant predictors of suicidal behaviour, in the general population [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and in custodial settings alike [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mental disorders and risk of suicide attempt in prisoners

Favril¹

2020

Preprint

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Background: Mental disorders are overrepresented in prisoners, placing them at an increased risk of suicide. Advancing our understanding of how different mental disorders relate to distinct stages of the suicidal process—the transition from ideation to action—would provide valuable information for clinical risk assessment in this high-risk population. Methods: Data were drawn from a representative sample of 1212 adults (1093 men) incarcerated across 13 New Zealand prisons, accounting for 14% of the national prison population. Guided by an ideation-to-action framework, three mutually exclusive groups of participants were compared on the presence of mental disorders assessed by validated DSM-IV diagnostic criteria: prisoners without any suicidal history (controls; n = 778), prisoners who thought about suicide but never made a suicide attempt (ideators; n = 187), and prisoners who experienced suicidal ideation and acted on such thoughts (attempters; n = 247). Results: One-third (34.6%) of participants reported a lifetime history of suicidal ideation, of whom 55.6% attempted suicide (19.2% of all prisoners). Suicidal outcomes in the absence of mental disorders were rare. Whilst each disorder increased the odds of suicidal ideation (OR range 1.73–4.13) and suicide attempt (OR range 1.82–4.05) in the total sample (n = 1212), only a select subset of disorders was associated with suicide attempt among those with suicidal ideation (n = 434). Drug dependence (OR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.10-2.48), alcohol dependence (OR = 1.89, 95% CI 1.26-2.85), and posttraumatic stress disorder (OR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.37-3.17) distinguished attempters from ideators. Conclusion: Consistent with many epidemiological studies in the general population, our data suggest that most mental disorders are best conceptualized as risk factors for suicidal ideation rather than for suicide attempt. Once prisoners consider suicide, other biopsychosocial factors beyond the mere presence of mental disorders may account for the progression from thoughts to acts of suicide.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental disorders and risk of suicide attempt in prisoners

Favril¹

2020

Preprint

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“…Ideally, other formats of SRB measurement, like clinician ratings or health records, can be integrated into future studies regarding the alternative sexuality community and suicide. Alternatively, as recent evidence suggests suicide deaths may not vary by key factors in our study (e.g., sexual orientation) [77], it appears critical to extend the present line of inquiry to suicide deaths. Finally, cross-sectional design is a methodological limitation of the entire SRB literature pertaining to the alternative sexuality community.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Preferences in Information Processing, Marginalized Identity, and Non-Monogamy: Understanding Factors in Suicide-Related Behavior among Members of the Alternative Sexuality Community

Cramer

Langhinrichsen‐Rohling

Kaniuka

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Suicide-related behavior (SRB) is a mental health disparity experienced by the alternative sexuality community. We assessed mental health, relationship orientation, marginalized identities (i.e., sexual orientation minority, gender minority, racial minority, ethnic minority, and lower education), and preferences in information processing (PIP) as factors differentiating lifetime SRB groups. An online cross-sectional survey study was conducted in 2018. Members of the National Coalition for Sexual Freedom (NCSF; n = 334) took part. Bivariate analyses identified the following SRB risk factors: female and transgender/gender non-binary identity, sexual orientation minority identity, lower education, suicide attempt/death exposure, Need for Affect (NFA) Avoidance, depression, and anxiety. Monogamous relationship orientation was a protective factor. Multi-nomial regression revealed the following: (1) monogamous relationship orientation was a protective factor for suicidal ideation and attempt; (2) lower education was a risk factor for suicide attempt; (3) anxiety was a risk factor for suicide attempt; and (4) depression was a risk factor for suicidal ideation. A two-way interaction showed that elevated NFA Approach buffered the negative impacts of depression. Relationship orientation, several marginalized identities (i.e., based on gender, sexual orientation, and educational level), and PIP all contributed uniquely to SRB. Further study is necessary to understand the role of relationship orientation with suicide. Health education and suicide prevention efforts with NCSF should be tailored to account for marginalized identity, mental health, and NFA factors.

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“…9 Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in North America and the foremost cause of death worldwide among persons 15 to 24 years of age. 10,11 The WHO estimated that the 2016 suicide rate was 10.6 per 100,000 persons, with 80% of suicides occurring in low-and middle-income countries. 6,8,10,11 Across the six WHO regions, the incidence of suicide differed by a factor of four between the region with the highest rate (Europe) and the region with the lowest rate (the Eastern Mediterranean, including the Middle East).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 The WHO estimated that the 2016 suicide rate was 10.6 per 100,000 persons, with 80% of suicides occurring in low-and middle-income countries. 6,8,10,11 Across the six WHO regions, the incidence of suicide differed by a factor of four between the region with the highest rate (Europe) and the region with the lowest rate (the Eastern Mediterranean, including the Middle East). Worldwide, suicide rates are higher in older people and among men (15.6 suicides per 100,000) than they are among women (7.0 per 100,000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines for the management of suicidal behavior. Part 1. Risk factors, protective factors, and assessment

Baldaçara

Rocha

Leite

et al. 2021

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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Suicide is a global public health problem that causes the loss of more than 800,000 lives each year, principally among young people. In Brazil, the average mortality rate attributable to suicide is approximately 5.23 per 100,000 population. Although many guidelines have been published for the management of suicidal behavior, to date, there are no recent guidelines based on the principles of evidence-based medicine that apply to the reality of suicide in Brazil. The objective of this work is to provide key guidelines for managing patients with suicidal behavior in Brazil. This project involved 11 Brazilian psychiatry professionals selected by the Psychiatric Emergencies Committee (Comissã o de Emergê ncias Psiquiá tricas) of the Brazilian Psychiatric Association for their experience and knowledge in psychiatry and psychiatric emergencies. For the development of these guidelines, 79 articles were reviewed (from 5,362 initially collected and 755 abstracts). In this review, we present definitions, risk and protective factors, assessments, and an introduction to the Safety Plan. Systematic review registry number: CRD42020206517

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Suicide

Cited by 363 publications

References 69 publications

Mental disorders and risk of suicide attempt in prisoners

Mental disorders and risk of suicide attempt in prisoners

Preferences in Information Processing, Marginalized Identity, and Non-Monogamy: Understanding Factors in Suicide-Related Behavior among Members of the Alternative Sexuality Community

Brazilian Psychiatric Association guidelines for the management of suicidal behavior. Part 1. Risk factors, protective factors, and assessment

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