Suitability of Chemcatcher® passive sampling in monitoring organotin compounds at a wastewater treatment plant

Ahkola, Heidi; Juntunen, Janne; Krogerus, Kirsti; Huttula, Timo; Herve, Sirpa; Witick, Allan

doi:10.1039/c6ew00057f

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Urban image surveillance implemented under a standardized system can effectively improve social management capabilities and help establish a standardized and orderly social order. e installation of monitoring equipment in public places may cause conflicts between the security interests of the monitor or the public interests of the society and the privacy interests of the monitored person [28,29]. In general, video surveillance in public places and other public areas can effectively establish social order, which is beneficial to the overall progress of society and the interests of the vast majority of people.…”

Section: Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Perspective of Jurisprudence View the Application of Urban Image Monitoring Technology and the Application and Improvement of the Information Collection System in This Field

Jiang

2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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As times go by, social management faces new challenges. This article examines the application of urban image surveillance technology and the methods of information collection and processing from a legal perspective, and explains the necessity of creating image surveillance. This article introduces the application of the system to the construction of legal systems in countries where urban image surveillance has been applied earlier and with more advanced legal systems at home and abroad, from the construction of the image surveillance legal system, the protection of personal privacy rights, and the protection of communication data. Explain the legislative principles to be followed in the legislative process, and put forward the principles of human rights and freedom, the principle of public interest, the principle of rule of law, and the principle of information security. Finally, I put forward a point of view on how to formulate a legal and fair legal system. It is clear that in the field of legislation, it is necessary to seek constitutional support, use civil law to regulate, use personal information protection law to regulate, and use urban image monitoring system legislation to manage. This paper proposes a “peer-to-peer tree” architecture of a two-tier distributed indexing service system based on service types. Its joining and leaving algorithms create and maintain the framework, cascading organizations related to service interests into a tree structure. Learning the neighbor search algorithm can slowly evolve the peer layer composed of many cascaded trees into an overlay network with small-world characteristics, thereby ensuring a higher search efficiency. Research shows that through functional testing and performance testing, it is found that when the number of supernodes is 200, the success rate is the highest.

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Section: Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

From the Perspective of Jurisprudence View the Application of Urban Image Monitoring Technology and the Application and Improvement of the Information Collection System in This Field

Jiang

2021

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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“…3). At site 1 the TBT content increased with the core depth (1.4 µg kg -1 , 54 µg kg -1 and 64 µg kg -1 from core depths 0-1 cm, 1-3 cm and 3-5 cm, respectively) which suggests that from the WWTP since the effluent waters contained 0.2-2.0 ng L -1 TBT, 1-18 ng L -1 DBT and 2.4-51 ng L -1 MBT (Ahkola et al 2016).…”

Section: Sediment Samplesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Three replicate Chemcatcher passive samplers with C-18 Empore disk and polycarbonate housing (Ahkola et al 2015(Ahkola et al , 2016 were deployed at each sampling site (1-6, Fig. 1) for two weeks after which they were retrieved and replaced with new ones.…”

Section: Passive Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The samplers accumulate dissolved fraction of the chemical which, after the deployment time period, is extracted from the sampler. TWA concentrations of dissolved BTCs during the two weeks sampling period were calculated with using sampling rates determined in Ahkola et al (2015Ahkola et al ( , 2016. Method detection limit (MDL) was calculated from the analytical limit of detection (ng sampler -1 ) after 14 days deployment (Table 1).…”

Section: Passive Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring and Modelling of Butyltin Compounds in Finnish Inland Lake

Ahkola

Juntunen

Krogerus

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Butyltin compounds (BTCs) in surface waters is seldom studied due to their low concentrations and limitations of analytical techniques. In this study we measured total concentration of BTCs with grab water sampling, dissolved concentration with passive samplers and particle bound fraction with sedimentation traps in Finnish inland lake. The sampling was conducted from May to September during two study years. The differences between sampling techniques and the concentrations were obvious. E.g. tributyltin (TBT) was detected only in 4-24 % of the grab samples when the detection with passive samplers was 93% and with sedimentation traps 50%. The dissolved BTC concentrations measured with grab and passive sampling suggested hydrological differences between the study years. This was confirmed with flow velocity measurements. However, the annual difference was not observed in BTC concentrations of settled particle.The extreme value analysis suggested that grab sampling and sedimentation trap sampling results contain more extreme peak values than passive sampling. This indicates that BTCs are present in surface water in trace concentrations despite they are not detected with all the sampling techniques. The assumption that WWTP, located in the study area, was the source of BTCs was not valid as elevated BTC concentrations were detected also at the reference site, located upstream of WWTP. Computational modelling and back tracking simulations also supported the concept that WWTP cannot be the only source but BTCs can come even from upstream of the sampling area where there is e.g. wood processing industry.

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“…Another very widespread device for the sampling of heavy metals is the Chemcatcher. This sampler has been used to detect Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb (Knutsson, 2013;Knutsson et al, 2013), Fe, Co, Cr, Zn, Mn (Miège et al, 2012;Neziri et al, 2011), organotin compounds (Aguilar-Martínez, 2010Ahkola et al, 2016), andHg (Aguilar-Martínez et al, 2009). Even rare earth elements (REEs) have been detected (Petersen et al, 2015;Petersen et al, 2016).…”

Section: Passive Sampling Of Heavy Metalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Irradiated Food and Evaluation of the Given Dose by Electron Spin Resonance, Thermoluminescence, and Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Analysis

D'Oca

Bartolotta

2018

Food Control and Biosecurity

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Suitability of Chemcatcher® passive sampling in monitoring organotin compounds at a wastewater treatment plant

Abstract: Municipal wastewater contains a number of harmful chemicals whose concentrations can fluctuate dramatically.

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

From the Perspective of Jurisprudence View the Application of Urban Image Monitoring Technology and the Application and Improvement of the Information Collection System in This Field

From the Perspective of Jurisprudence View the Application of Urban Image Monitoring Technology and the Application and Improvement of the Information Collection System in This Field

Monitoring and Modelling of Butyltin Compounds in Finnish Inland Lake

Detection of Irradiated Food and Evaluation of the Given Dose by Electron Spin Resonance, Thermoluminescence, and Gas Chromatographic/Mass Spectrometric Analysis

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