Suitability of lupin and pea seeds as a substitute for soybean meal in high-producing dairy cow feed

Abstract

-Two experiments were conducted to investigate the substitution of soybean meal by coarsely ground lupin and/or pea seeds in high-producing dairy cow feed. In experiment 1 (Exp. 1), four Holstein dairy cows (35.9 ± 2.2 L·d -1 milk) were put on a control diet consisting of 50% maize silage, 11% grass silage and 36% concentrates on a dry-matter (DM) basis. Soybean meal was partially replaced (75%) by lupin, pea and a mixture (1/1, DM) of lupin and pea on a DM basis, following a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Milk production was lower with pea seeds, intermediate with a lupin/ pea seed mixture and higher with lupin and soybean meal diets. Milk fat percentage increased with the lupin diet, which induced a lower proportion of medium-chain fatty acids and a higher proportion of long-chain fatty acids in the milk compared to the pea diet. In experiment 2 (Exp. 2), six Holstein dairy cows (36.0 ± 4.9 L·d -1 milk) were put on a control diet consisting of 47% maize silage, 7% grass silage and 42% concentrates on a DM basis. Soybean meal was totally replaced by lupin or a lupin/pea mixture (1/1, N) on a nitrogen basis, following a duplicated Latin square design (6 animals × 3 diets). Standard milk production did not differ with the dietary protein source but milk fat percentage was reduced with the lupin diet. This effect, not observed in Exp. 1, was probably related to the lipid content of the lupin diet. Nitrogen efficiency was not modified by the protein source. The results also showed that a high ingestion of lupin seeds induced a lower milk ω6/ω3 ratio and C 18:2 content. In conclusion, coarsely ground lupin seeds can efficiently replace soybean meal in high-producing dairy cow feed. dairy cow / soybean meal / lupin / pea / milk Résumé -Les graines de lupin et de pois en tant qu'alternative au tourteau de soja dans l'alimentation des vaches laitières hautes productrices. Deux expériences ont été menées pour étudier la substitution du tourteau de soja par du lupin et/ou du pois grossièrement moulu dans l'alimentation de la vache laitière haute productrice. Dans l'expérience 1, quatre vaches laitières Holstein (35,9 ± 2,2 L·j -1 de lait) ont reçu un régime témoin contenant 50 % d'ensilage de maïs, 11 % d'ensilage d'herbe et 36 % de concentré sur base de la matière sèche (MS). Le tourteau de soja a été partiellement remplacé (75 %) par du lupin, du pois et un mélange (1/1, MS) de lupin et de pois sur base de la MS, selon un dispositif expérimental en carré latin 4 × 4. La production laitière a été inférieure avec le pois, intermédiaire avec le mélange lupin/pois et supérieure avec les régimes lupin * Corresponding author: froidmont@cra.wallonie.be 476 E. Froidmont, N. Bartiaux-Thill et tourteau de soja. Le taux butyreux du lait a augmenté avec le régime lupin, qui a induit une plus faible proportion d'acides gras à chaîne moyenne et une plus grande proportion d'acides gras à longue chaîne comparativement au régime pois. Dans l'expérience 2, six vaches laitière Holstein (36,0 ± 4,9 L·j -1 de lait) ont reçu un régime ...

Milk quality, manufacturing properties and blood biochemical profile from dairy cows fed peas (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) as dietary protein supplement

“…On the contrary, in our study the blood and milk urea (Tables 3 and 4, respectively) levels in cows appeared to be decreased by the replacement of soybean with pea in concentrates (P=0.04 and P=0.06, respectively). Froidmont and Bartiaux-Thill (2004) found that dietary leguminous grains reduce the level of milk urea in dairy cows due to the low DM and protein intakes. In our study, the blood and milk urea concentrations recorded in cows fed experimental diet were reduced, almost certainly due to a decreased degradability of pea protein leading to a decreased ammonia level in the rumen and urea level in milk and blood, as also reported in a recent study of Volpelli et al (2009).…”

“…The development of locally grown protein crops may be a solution to improve the valorisation of products and to assure a better traceability of feedstuffs (Froidmont & Bartiaux-Thill 2004).…”

Performance of Organic Grain Legumes in Tuscany

“…minor), high protein pea (Pisum sativum L.) and white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) play a fundamental role in organic agriculture and livestock (Siddique et al, 1999) to improve soil fertility (Unkovich et al, 1997;Van Kessel and Hartley, 2000;Ranalli, 2001;Badgley et al, 2007), to close the cycle of nitrogen (Unkovich et al, 2000;Pang and Letey, 2000;Jensen Köpke and Nemecek, 2010) and as protein sources alternative to soybean (Froidmont and Bartiaux, 2004;Jezierny et al, 2010), which could reduce the risk of GMO contamination in the food chain.…”

RUMINAL DEGRADATION OF AERIAL BIOMASS AND SEEDS OF WILD SPECIES OF Lupinus

“…The concentration of protein in the seeds of the genus Lupinus oscillates between 30 and 45% (Jezierny et al, 2010), and Lupinus species have often been compared with soybean for their protein value (Froidmont and Barthiaux-Hill, 2004). Soybean seed contains 40% protein and 17% lipids, making it a major source of protein and energy (Yin et al, 2011), and it is widely used for animal feed.…”