Suitability of neuropsychological tests in patients with vascular dementia (VaD)

Bagnoli, Silvia; Failli, Ylenia; Piaceri, Irene; Rinnoci, Valentina; Bessi, Valentina; Tedde, Andrea; Nacmias, Benedetta; Sorbi, Sandro

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2012.05.045

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…For instance, the MMSE is a brief test with extensive international usage; however, several studies have mentioned that the MMSE alone can be used in a sensitive test to detect cognitive impairment, except if cutoff is increased or combined with other neuropsychological tests 51,52. Therefore, the MMSE was used with MoCA and ACE-R to detect MCI because the last two assessments are used to assess early stages of dementia and executive function, as well as identify frontal subcortical infarction 50,53,54. In addition, ACE-R has good sensitivity for dementia, whereas MoCA is specifically used in MCI screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, TMT, Stroop, and CDT tests can be used with the MMSE to evaluate frontal lesion verbal fluency, and visuospatial skills can be evaluated through Rey Osterrieth figure recall. FAB has been reported to identify frontal temporal lobe dysfunction 55. MMSE, ACE-R, MoCA, and FAB characteristics are shown in Table 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This assessment is based on the most popular studies and is a combination of available neuropsychological assessment tests 49,50. Memory evaluation is proposed to be associated with memory types.…”

Section: Brain Memory and Causes Of Memory Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction after a stroke diagnosis: a post-stroke memory assessment

Al-Qazzaz¹,

Ali²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2014

NDT

194

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Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction following stroke diagnosis are common symptoms that significantly affect the survivors’ quality of life. Stroke patients have a high potential to develop dementia within the first year of stroke onset. Currently, efforts are being exerted to assess stroke effects on the brain, particularly in the early stages. Numerous neuropsychological assessments are being used to evaluate and differentiate cognitive impairment and dementia following stroke. This article focuses on the role of available neuropsychological assessments in detection of dementia and memory loss after stroke. This review starts with stroke types and risk factors associated with dementia development, followed by a brief description of stroke diagnosis criteria and the effects of stroke on the brain that lead to cognitive impairment and end with memory loss. This review aims to combine available neuropsychological assessments to develop a post-stroke memory assessment (PSMA) scheme based on the most recognized and available studies. The proposed PSMA is expected to assess different types of memory functionalities that are related to different parts of the brain according to stroke location. An optimal therapeutic program that would help stroke patients enjoy additional years with higher quality of life is presented.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction after a stroke diagnosis: a post-stroke memory assessment

Al-Qazzaz¹,

Ali²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2014

NDT

194

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…During this examination orientation, recall, attention, recording capacity, language, and constructive praxis were tested [14]. The MMSE can be used to estimate the severity of dementia, whether there is no dementia present (24-30), mild dementia (20-23), moderate (10-19), or a severe case of dementia (0-9) [15].…”

Section: Mini-mental State Examination (Mmse)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing Van Gool’s Hypothesis: A Method to Predict Side Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Patients with Cellular Degenerative and Vascular Dementia

Eijk¹,

Groot

Spronsen

et al. 2015

Advances in Geriatrics

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This study investigates a method to predict medical outcome of cholinesterase inhibitors in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Van Gool predicts that patients with cholinergic deficit symptoms will benefit from treatment whereas patients without will experience side effects because of overstimulation of the cholinergic system. We predicted that AD and VaD patients with a longer RT experience fewer side effects than patients with a faster response and that VaD patients have a longer RT than AD patients. A number of 71 patients with AD or VaD diagnosis were included. A sustained attention task was administered, as well as the MMSE and a questionnaire about side effects. Results indicated that VaD patients with a longer RT reported fewer side effects. Furthermore, patients with VaD had a longer RT than patients with AD. MMSE was negatively correlated with RT in the VaD group. Thus, the performance on the attention task seems associated with suffering from side effects and thus tends to predict medical outcome in VaD, but not in AD. Perhaps this attention task was not sensitive enough to measure cholinergic deficit symptoms in AD patients. Furthermore, different doses of medication might confound the effect for the AD group.

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“…The neuropsychological assessments that are currently available for cognitive impairment and dementia have been developed by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Association Internationale pour la Recherché et l’Enseignement en Neurosciences (NINDS–AIREN) for VaD 22. In clinical practice, the most usable test to evaluate the severity of dementia (but not limited to this condition) is to run the diagnosis based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV),23 Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),24 Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA),25 and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R) 26–29. The severity of cognitive symptoms could be assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)30 and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) 31.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive assessments for the early diagnosis of dementia after stroke

Al-Qazzaz¹,

Ali²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2014

NDT

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The early detection of poststroke dementia (PSD) is important for medical practitioners to customize patient treatment programs based on cognitive consequences and disease severity progression. The aim is to diagnose and detect brain degenerative disorders as early as possible to help stroke survivors obtain early treatment benefits before significant mental impairment occurs. Neuropsychological assessments are widely used to assess cognitive decline following a stroke diagnosis. This study reviews the function of the available neuropsychological assessments in the early detection of PSD, particularly vascular dementia (VaD). The review starts from cognitive impairment and dementia prevalence, followed by PSD types and the cognitive spectrum. Finally, the most usable neuropsychological assessments to detect VaD were identified. This study was performed through a PubMed and ScienceDirect database search spanning the last 10 years with the following keywords: “post-stroke”; “dementia”; “neuro-psychological”; and “assessments”. This study focuses on assessing VaD patients on the basis of their stroke risk factors and cognitive function within the first 3 months after stroke onset. The search strategy yielded 535 articles. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, only five articles were considered. A manual search was performed and yielded 14 articles. Twelve articles were included in the study design and seven articles were associated with early dementia detection. This review may provide a means to identify the role of neuropsychological assessments as early PSD detection tests.

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Suitability of neuropsychological tests in patients with vascular dementia (VaD)

Cited by 10 publications

References 63 publications

Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction after a stroke diagnosis: a post-stroke memory assessment

Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction after a stroke diagnosis: a post-stroke memory assessment

Testing Van Gool’s Hypothesis: A Method to Predict Side Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Patients with Cellular Degenerative and Vascular Dementia

Cognitive assessments for the early diagnosis of dementia after stroke

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Suitability of neuropsychological tests in patients with vascular dementia (VaD)

Cited by 10 publications

References 63 publications

Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction after a stroke diagnosis: a post-stroke memory assessment

Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction after a stroke diagnosis: a post-stroke memory assessment

Testing Van Gool’s Hypothesis: A Method to Predict Side Effects of Cholinesterase Inhibitors in Patients with Cellular Degenerative and Vascular Dementia

Cognitive assessments for the early diagnosis of&nbsp;dementia after stroke

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Cognitive assessments for the early diagnosis of dementia after stroke