Suitability of non-lethal marker and marker-free systems for development of transgenic crop plants: Present status and future prospects

7. Themenbereich grüne Gentechnologie: Pflanzenzüchtung und Agrarwirtschaft

“…Auch die komplexen Wechselwirkungen zwischen molekulargenetischen Faktoren und der Umwelt, die die Genexpression beeinflussen, können aufgedeckt werden, wenn "genetical genomics"-Studien unter unterschiedlichen Umweltbedingungen wiederholt werden (Snoek et al, 2013;Joosen et al, 2013 lung (Schatten) zu Genotyp-Umwelt-Interaktionen führte, die mit einer veränderten Genexpression in bestimmten Genregionen einhergingen (Snoek et al, 2013 Die Anzahl an selektierbaren Markern, die nicht auf einer Antibiotikum-oder Herbizidresistenz beruhen, hat im Untersuchungszeitraum beträchtlich zugenommen. Inzwischen sind für Pflanzen bereits mehr als 50 Markergene beschrieben worden (Manimaran et al, 2011;Rosellini, 2011;Tuteja et al, 2012). 48 Neben der Verwendung alternativer Markergene kommt auch der Erzeugung markerfreier transgener Pflanzen eine steigende Bedeutung zu.…”

Advances in genetic engineering of marine algae

“…Although lists of selectable markers in microalgae have been compiled in past reviews (Griesbeck et al, 2006, León-Bañares et al, 2004, Walker et al, 2005, novel markers have since been developed, such as Phytoene desaturase (PDS) (Steinbrenner and Sandmann, 2006) and ARG9 genes (Remacle et al, 2009). There are concerns regarding the biosafety of antibiotic-and herbicide-resistant genes when releasing the transgenic plants to the environment, and efforts are being made to develop alternative marker systems and standardize marker-free selection systems (Manimaran et al, 2011). The selection marker removal may significantly reduce the public acceptance of genetically modified plants (Miki and McHugh, 2004).…”

Recent Advances in Fruit Species Transformation

“…This is one of the mostly used reporter marker gene in fruit transformation protocols for monitoring transformed cells in vivo and in real time just by application of UV-light for the excitation of the fluorescent protein. GFP has not any cytotoxic effect on transformed plant cells (Stewart, 2001;Manimaran et al, 2011). In vivo detection may permit the manual selection of transformed tissues with focusing in the areas where the signal is more brightly.…”

“…In vivo detection may permit the manual selection of transformed tissues with focusing in the areas where the signal is more brightly. Fusion of GFP with other proteins of interest provides precise visualizing of intracellular localization and transport in transformed plant (Miki & McHugh, 2004;Manimaran et al, 2011). In some fruit species, it is reported that chlorophyll red autofluorescence can mask GFP expression making the detection really difficult or even impossible in species as apricot, peach and plum (Billinton & Knight, 2001;Padilla et al, 2006;Petri et al, 2008;Petri et al, 2011).…”

“…Typically, it is employed for the selection strategy that confers resistance to antibiotics and to herbicides (Miki & McHugh, 2004;Manimaran et al, 2011). A large proportion of European consumers considered genetically modified crops as highly potential risks for human health and the environment.…”