Suitable test concentration of cobalt and concomitant reactivity to nickel and chromium: A multicentre study from the Swedish Contact Dermatitis Research Group

Abstract

Background In Sweden, cobalt chloride 0.5% has been included in the baseline series since the mid‐1980s. A recent study from Stockholm showed that cobalt chloride 1% petrolatum (pet.) was more suitable than 0.5%. Cobalt chloride at 1.0% has been patch tested for decades in many European countries and around the world. Objectives To study the suitability of patch testing to cobalt 1.0% vs 0.5% and to analyze the co‐occurrence of allergy to cobalt, chromium, and nickel. Results Contact allergy to cobalt was shown in 90 patients (6.6%). Eighty (5.9%) patients tested positive to cobalt 1.0%. Thirty‐seven of the 90 patients (41.1%) with cobalt allergy were missed by cobalt 0.5% and 10 (0.7%) were missed by cobalt 1.0% (P < .001). No case of patch test sensitization was reported. Allergy to chromium was seen in 2.6% and allergy to nickel in 13.3%. Solitary allergy to cobalt without nickel allergy was shown in 61.1% of cobalt‐positive individuals. Female patients had larger proportions of positive reactions to cobalt (P = .036) and nickel (P < .001) than males. Conclusion The results speak in favor of replacing cobalt chloride 0.5% with cobalt chloride 1.0% pet. in the Swedish baseline series, which will be done 2021.

The single and mixed impacts of cadmium, cobalt, lead, and PAHs on systemic immunity inflammation index in male and female

“…Lamtai et al showed that in male rats, all doses of Cd triggered depressive-like behavior, whereas in female rats, only those receiving high doses exhibited depressive-like behavior (63). Isaksson et al found a higher percentage of positive skin reactions to Co in females than in males (64). The above results indicated that when we study the association between metal exposure and inflammatory markers, we should not only focus on how different pollutants affect males and females differently but also study the effects at different concentrations.…”

Contact allergy to haptens in the Swedish baseline series: Results from the Swedish Patch Test Register (2010 to 2017)

“…Some variation can be a result of regional differences in exposure and patient selection (eg, testing with Compositae mix) 34 . However, it might also be attributed to a lack of calibration of patch testing techniques or differing clinical readings and interpretations of patch tests, especially in the case of 1+, irritant, and doubtful reactions 35‐37 . EpiReg is believed to be a potentially useful tool for education about and calibration of patch testing in Sweden.…”

Main sensitizing agents involved in allergic contact dermatitis in patients of a hospital in western Santa Catarina, Brazil

“…3 With relation to patient sex, men exhibited a prevalence of 19.8% compared to 18.1% of women, whereas a multicenter study by the Swedish Contact Dermatitis Research Group found a higher proportion of women with positive tests for cobalt 1%. 22 The allergen triethanolamine is an emulsifier in cosmetic products and is widely used in sunscreen and moisturizers in Brazil, where it had a prevalence of 17.3%, being more common among men and in the 25 to 48 years age group. 23 Chrome had a higher prevalence of positive tests among males (16.8%) and the 0 to 12 years age group (28.8%).…”