Sulcal prominence in young chronic schizophrenic patients: CT scan findings associated with impairment on neuropsychological tests

Dopamine-β-Hydroxylase Activity and Homovanillic Acid in Spinal Fluid of Schizophrenics with Brain Atrophy

“…In contrast, Weinberger et al (5,38) found that severely ill, chronic schizophrenic patients with high VBR's had the worst premorbid adjustment and did not respond to neuroleptics. As did Rieder et al (2), we observed that some patients with abnormal CT scans had an episodic illness that responded to neuroleptics. These discrepancies in clinical findings may be due to sample composition.…”

“…In other words, abnormalities in CT scans are probably not associated with the psychotic aspects of the illness, but more with neuropsychological impairment (2,4,6,9) and the vulnerability to develop a schizophrenic syndrome. We suggest that the division of schizophrenia into dopamine-related and non-dopamine-related schizophrenia on the basis of evidence from CT scans and neuroleptic response is premature.…”

“…22. We thank P. Posso, the Institute de Recherche Tropicale, M. Marchaterre, and C. Bell for field 974 help; T. Szabo for the invitation to work in his laboratory; M. Boudinot for help with computer programs and curve fitting; D. Kelley, D. Crews, N. Stacey, and R. Peter for technical advice; M. Marchaterre and V. Wong for the fish portraits; C. Bell for suggesting the command signal experiments; R. Kado for the curve fitting; D. Rouilly for histology; and C. Bell, R. Kado, T. Szabo, P. Belbenoit, J. Serrier, G. Bass, L. Carlson, and T. Natoli for help with the Brain atrophy has been detected in some schizophrenic patients by computerized tomography (CT) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Abnormalities in scans in schizophrenia have been associated with neuropsychological impairment (2,(4)(5)(6) and other nonpsy- Fig.…”

“…Although cell culture may allow the controlled study of the cellular processes that govern neuronal chemosensitivity, considerable variation in the sensitivity of cultured ganglionic neurons to transmitters and in the binding of labeled neurotoxins has been observed (1,2). Thus, in one study (3), the formation of functional synapses between cultured ciliary ganglion neurons was not detected because of the loss of neuronal chemosensitivity in cultures lacking target myotubes, but in another study (4), synaptic activity was found in many neurons from similar cultures.…”

Current conceptualizations of psychiatric illnesses as neurological disorders

“…The principal finding to emerge from these studies, and generally confirmed by several other investigators (Rieder et al, 1979;Andreasen et al, 1982;Golden et al, 1982), is that chronic schizophrenics show structural brain abnormalities in a variety of areas of the brain, most prominently enlarged ventricles, sulcal width, and cortical atrophy. Other abnormalities have included cerebellar atrophy , although smaller in magnitude than the rates of ventricular enlargement of approx 50% reported by Johnstone and Weinberger.…”