Sulfasalazine prevents apoptosis in spermatogenic cells after experimental testicular torsion/detorsion

Abstract

Aim: To determine whether sulfasalazine can prevent apoptosis in spermatogenic cells by preventing the activation of NF-κB in spermatogenic epithelium in experimental testicular torsion. Methods: Thirty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral 720° testicular torsion for durations of 0 h and 2 h, then the torsion was relieved. The ischemic/reperfused testes were collected for the detection of NF-κB expression with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry techniques, and detection of apoptosis with TUNEL techniques. Results: The NF-κB coefficient of spermatogenic epithelium and the apoptosis index of spermatogenic cells were significantly different in the operation and the shamoperation groups after experimental testicular torsion (P<0.01). Conclusion: NF-κB activation of spermatogenic epithelium is related to apoptosis of spermatogenic cells. Sulfasalazine can prevent apoptosis in spermatogenic cells after the experimental testicular torsion through prevention of NF-κB activation.

Adalimumab mitigates ovarian ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats by regulating oxidative stress, apoptosis and resolution of inflammation

“…A number of studies have confirmed the pivotal role of NF‐κB in I/R injury cases . NF‐κB, which is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple inflammatory and immune genes, plays a crucial role in host defense, chronic inflammatory diseases and even tumoural conditions .…”

Sulphasalazine accelerates apoptosis in neutrophils exposed to immune complex: Role of caspase pathway

“…Moreover, we identified the SSZ‐triggered pro‐apoptotic pathway, which was dependent on caspase 8 activation. Conversely, SSZ has also been shown to induce survival in rat spermatogenic and human hepatoma cells 27,28 . The conflicting data regarding SSZ‐induced apoptosis are probably due to different drug concentrations and cell models used in the different studies.…”

“…Conversely, SSZ has also been shown to induce survival in rat spermatogenic and human hepatoma cells. 27,28 The conflicting data regarding SSZ-induced apoptosis are probably due to different drug concentrations and cell models used in the different studies. Another possible explanation may be related to the direct 'paracrine' cell function modulation by inflammatory molecules (such as chemokines) that are secreted during incubation of the same cultured cells.…”

Beneficial effects of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate on ischemia-reperfusion testicular injury in rats

“…Although some investigators have also studied the right testis [2,4,13,[24][25][26]30,32], the left [1,3,[10][11][12][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]27,33,34,39,41] seems to be more commonly studied. Testicular torsion clinically occurs more often in the left testis [53].…”

“…The ability of several antioxidants including vitamins E and C, selenium, SOD, and catalase to prevent testicular injury in I/R model animals has been investigated [4]. The following compounds have also been tested in models of testicular I/R: melatonin [16,17], steroid [17], allopurinol [5], trapidil [1,18], propofol [19], zinc aspirate [20], taurine [21], vascular endothelial growth factor [22], epidermal growth factor [23], cyclosporine-A and FK 506 [2], α-lipoic acid [24], molsidomine [25], trimetazidine [3], raxofelast [12], vasoactive intestinal peptide [13], platelet-activating factor antagonist [14], nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [11,26], garlic extract [27], Lomodex-MgSO 4 [28], erdosteine [29], resveratrol [30], verapamil [31], ethyl pyruvate [32], caffeic acid phenethyl ester [33], and sulfasalazine [34]. However, none of them have found routine clinical application [2,10].…”