Sulfate and methanesulfonate in the maritime aerosol at Cape Grim, Tasmania

Ayers, G. P.; Ivey, J. P.; Goodman, H. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00053777

Cited by 108 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Kadowaki (1976) showed that if the size distribution of sulfate follows the size distribution of NH + 4 then this indicates the presence of (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 in the air: studies by Kulshrestha et al (1998), Zhuang et al (1999) and Parmar et al (2001) The oxidation of dimethylsulfide (DMS) is believed to be the source of methanesulfonate (MSA) and nssSO 2− 4 over the ocean (Bates et al, 1987;Leck and Rodhe, 1991). The total atmospheric concentrations of MSA during both sampling periods was 0.015 µg/m 3 , which is quite close to the value of 0.017 µg/m 3 found at Cape Grim in Tasmania (Ayers et al, 1986). 88% and 90% of this amount was in the fine mode for periods C and E, respectively.…”

Section: K +supporting

confidence: 51%

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Optical, physical and chemical characteristics of Australian continental aerosols: results from a field experiment

Radhi

Box

et al. 2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Mineral dust is one of the major components of the world's aerosol mix, having a number of impacts within the Earth system. However, the climate forcing impact of mineral dust is currently poorly constrained, with even its sign uncertain. As Australian deserts are more reddish than those in the Northern Hemisphere, it is important to better understand the physical, chemical and optical properties of this important aerosol. We have investigated the properties of Australian desert dust at a site in SW Queensland, which is strongly influenced by both dust and biomass burning aerosol.Three years of ground-based monitoring of spectral optical thickness has provided a statistical picture of gross aerosol properties. The aerosol optical depth data showed a clear though moderate seasonal cycle with an annual mean of 0.06 ± 0.03. The Angstrom coefficient showed a stronger cycle, indicating the influence of the winter-spring burning season in Australia's north. AERONET size distributions showed a generally bimodal character, with the coarse mode assumed to be mineral dust, and the fine mode a mixture of fine dust, biomass burning and marine biogenic material.In November 2006 we undertook a field campaign which collected 4 sets of size-resolved aerosol samples for laboratory analysis -ion beam analysis and ion chromatography. Ion beam analysis was used to determine the elemental composition of all filter samples, although elemental ratios were considered the most reliable output. Scatter plots showed that Fe, Al and Ti were well correlated with Si, and Co reasonably well correlated with Si, with the Fe/Al ratio somewhat higher than values reported from Northern Hemisphere sites (as expected). Scatter plots for Ca, Mn and K against Si showed Correspondence to: M. A. Box (m.box@unsw.edu.au) clear evidence of a second population, which in some cases could be identified with a particular sample day or size fraction. These data may be used to attempt to build a signature of soil in this region of the Australian interior.Ion chromatography was used to quantify water soluble ions for 2 of our sample sets, complementing the picture provided by ion beam analysis. The strong similarities between the MSA and SO 2− 4 size distributions argue strongly for a marine origin of much of the SO 2− 4 . The similarity of the Na + , Cl − and Mg 2+ size distributions also argue for a marine contribution. Further, we believe that both NO are the result of surface reactions with appropriate gases.

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Section: K +supporting

confidence: 51%

“…The constant 16 represents the ratio of biogenic nssSO 2− 4 to MSA found at Cape Grim, Australia by Ayers et al (1986). This showed that 60% and 48% of the nssSO 2− 4 was found to be nonbiogenic during periods C and E, respectively.…”

Section: K +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical, physical and chemical characteristics of Australian continental aerosols: results from a field experiment

Radhi

Box

et al. 2010

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Cape Grim on the southern tip of Tasmania is an important site for the long-term monitoring of aerosols and trace gases (Ayers et al, 1986; Ayers and Gras, Atmos. Chem.…”

Section: Uncertainties By Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The magnitude and causes of uncertainty in global model simulations of cloud condensation nuclei

et al. 2013

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Aerosol–cloud interaction effects are a major source of uncertainty in climate models so it is important to quantify the sources of uncertainty and thereby direct research efforts. However, the computational expense of global aerosol models has prevented a full statistical analysis of their outputs. Here we perform a variance-based analysis of a global 3-D aerosol microphysics model to quantify the magnitude and leading causes of parametric uncertainty in model-estimated present-day concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Twenty-eight model parameters covering essentially all important aerosol processes, emissions and representation of aerosol size distributions were defined based on expert elicitation. An uncertainty analysis was then performed based on a Monte Carlo-type sampling of an emulator built for each model grid cell. The standard deviation around the mean CCN varies globally between about ±30% over some marine regions to ±40–100% over most land areas and high latitudes, implying that aerosol processes and emissions are likely to be a significant source of uncertainty in model simulations of aerosol–cloud effects on climate. Among the most important contributors to CCN uncertainty are the sizes of emitted primary particles, including carbonaceous combustion particles from wildfires, biomass burning and fossil fuel use, as well as sulfate particles formed on sub-grid scales. Emissions of carbonaceous combustion particles affect CCN uncertainty more than sulfur emissions. Aerosol emission-related parameters dominate the uncertainty close to sources, while uncertainty in aerosol microphysical processes becomes increasingly important in remote regions, being dominated by deposition and aerosol sulfate formation during cloud-processing. The results lead to several recommendations for research that would result in improved modelling of cloud–active aerosol on a global scale

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“…Latitudinal distribution of the ratio of MSA to nss-SO2-4 of the present data, together with the results from Saltzman et al (1987) for Midway, Fanning, Am. Samoa, New Caledonia, and Norfolk; Ayers et al (1986) for Cape Grim; Berresheim (1987), and Pszenny et al (1989) for the Drake Passage and Gerlache Strait.…”

Section: Latitudinal Distribution Of Nss-so2-4mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, these two compounds are responsible for the production of nss-SO2-4 (Saltzman et al, 1983;Yin et al, 1986 Methanesulfonic acid in atmospheric aerosols was first detected quantitatively by Panter and Penzhorn (1980). Recently, several investigators (Saltzman et al, 1983(Saltzman et al, , 1985(Saltzman et al, ,1986Ayers et al, 1986;Berresheim, 1987;Pszenny et al, 1989) have found that the molar ratio of MSA to nss-SO2-4 in aerosol samples frequently exceeds 100* in the higher latitudes, and decreases to less than 10* in the low or middle latitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanesulfonic Acid and Non-Sea-Salt Sulfate over Both Hemispheric Oceans

Koga

Tanaka

Yamato

et al. 1991

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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The collection of aerosol particles using an Andersen high-volume air sampler was carried out during the austral summer, between 15 November 1986 and 13 March 1987, on board the icebreaker Shirase over the Indian and Antarctic oceans. Data sampling was also made during the cruise of the Hakuho Maru from 3 June to 1 August 1986, over the northern Pacific Ocean. The collected samples were analyzed by ion-chromatography to examine the mass concentrations of methanesulfonic acid (CH3SO3H or MSA) and non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO2-4) within the aerosols. Methanesulfonate (CH3SO-3 ), anion component of MSA, was detected in the fine aerosol particles less than 1.1*m in diameter. In general, the CH3SO-3 concentrations increased with decreasing air temperature, while nss-SO2-4 concentrations showed an opposite tendency. The highest concentrations of CH3SO-3 and nss-SO2-4 were found to be 0.067*gm-3 and 0.77*gm-3, respectively, near 40*S where wind speeds were relatively strong.The results demonstrate first that, at higher latitudes, low air temperatures accelerate MSA production while the lower concentration of oxidants, such as H2O2 and OH, retards nss-SO2-4 production from MSA and SO2. Second, strong wind contributes to the increase of the flux of dimethylsulfide ((CH3)2S or DMS) from the ocean to the atmosphere.

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Sulfate and methanesulfonate in the maritime aerosol at Cape Grim, Tasmania

Cited by 108 publications

References 15 publications

Optical, physical and chemical characteristics of Australian continental aerosols: results from a field experiment

Optical, physical and chemical characteristics of Australian continental aerosols: results from a field experiment

The magnitude and causes of uncertainty in global model simulations of cloud condensation nuclei

Methanesulfonic Acid and Non-Sea-Salt Sulfate over Both Hemispheric Oceans

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