Sulfate Ion Removal From Water Using Activated Carbon Powder Prepared by Ziziphus Spina-Christi Lotus Leaf

Rahmati, Morteza; Yeganeh, Golan; Esmaeili, Hossein

doi:10.17344/acsi.2019.5093

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Hence, the removal efficiency will increase with the contact time until the surface of the absorbent active sites is saturated. This phenomenon has also been observed by [22,23].…”

Section: Variation On Contact Timesupporting

confidence: 72%

Sulphate Minimization in Agricultural Drainage Water Using Modified Rice Husk

Adejumobi

Adebayo

Onofua

2022

AIR

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Eutrophication, salinization, hypoxia, and toxic algae, among other environmental damages are costly consequences of agricultural drainage water (ADW), and therefore poses a threat to ecological biodiversity, food security and agriculture sustainability. This work aimed to assess the adsorption efficiency of rice husk (RH) modified by chemical and thermal treatments for sulphate minimization from ADW. RH obtained from a local rice mill was washed in distilled water, oven-dried at 105 ˚C for 24 h, milled and sieved into 0.3–1.18 mm particle sizes. The optimum condition for carbonization was determined by varying the temperature- 200, 300 and 400 ˚C and time- 1, 1.5, and 2 h, respectively. The RH was activated by chemical (H3PO4 and ZnCl2) and thermal treatment. Batch experiments were carried out varying temperature (40-60 °C), adsorption time (15–140 min) and adsorbent dose (1 and 2 g) in an ADW with known sulphate concentration, 30 mg/L. The carbonization yield at 400, 300 and 200 ˚C varies within 18.91- 27.48%, 27.39- 32.82 % and 81.94- 95.75% respectively. It was observed that the percentage of carbon converted into silica increases with burning time; hence, the optimum temperature of 350 ˚C for 2 h was used for carbonization. Also, sulphate adsorption rate increased with contact time and dosage suggesting that the process is controlled by surface and pore diffusion. Based on the temperature study, adsorption was favourable at lower temperatures. H3PO4 and ZnCl2 treated adsorbents have similar removal efficiency; however, ZnCl2 treated adsorbent has a higher efficiency due to its ability to enhance the stability and mesoporosity of carbonaceous material. Modified RH is a potential adsorbent that could be of noble use in ADW quality minimization. However, the huge gap between literature studies and field application needs to be bridged by good extension services and appropriate policy.

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“…Hence, the removal efficiency will increase with the contact time until the surface of the absorbent active sites is saturated. This phenomenon has also been observed by [22,23].…”

Section: Variation On Contact Timesupporting

confidence: 72%

Sulphate Minimization in Agricultural Drainage Water Using Modified Rice Husk

Adejumobi

Adebayo

Onofua

2022

AIR

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“…When the pH of water is smaller than pH pzc , the sorbent surface has negative charges; so, it repels the negative ions. Thus, the maximum removal of SO 4 2− ions occurred at an acidic pH of 5, and this result is in line with findings of previous literatures in which the maximum uptake for these ions occurred in an acidic environment with pH ranging from 3 to 6 [ 50 , 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The (1/ n ) is smaller than unity; so, there is favorable adsorption for SO 4 2− ions onto the prepared sorbent. It seems that the q max (=9.5 mg/g) is comparable with those reported for AC derived from coconut coir pith (4.9 mg/g) [ 56 ] and from Lotus leaf (9.3 mg/g) [ 52 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

New Composite Sorbent for Removal of Sulfate Ions from Simulated and Real Groundwater in the Batch and Continuous Tests

et al. 2021

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The evaluation of groundwater quality in the Dammam formation, Faddak farm, Karbala Governorate, Iraq proved that the sulfate (SO42−) concentrations have high values; so, this water is not suitable for livestock, poultry and irrigation purposes. For reclamation of this water, manufacturing of new sorbent for permeable reactive barrier was required through precipitation of Mg and Fe hydroxides nanoparticles on the activated carbon (AC) surface with best Mg/Fe molar ratio of 7.5/2.5. Mixture of 50% coated AC and 50% scrap iron was applied to eliminate SO42− from contaminated water with efficiency of 59% and maximum capacity of adsorption equals to 9.5 mg/g for a time period of 1 h, sorbent dosage 40 g/L, and initial pH = 5 at 50 mg/L initial SO42− concentration and 200 rpm shaking speed. Characterization analyses certified that the plantation of Mg and Fe nanoparticles onto AC was achieved. Continuous tests showed that the longevity of composite sorbent is increased with thicker bed and lower influent concentration and flow rate. Computer solution (COMSOL) software was well simulated for continuous measurements. The reclamation of real contaminated groundwater was achieved in column set-up with efficiency of 70% when flow rate was 5 mL/min, bed depth was 50 cm and inlet SO42− concentration was 2301 mg/L.

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“…The maximum adsorption percentage was 99.8% and 98.8% for nitrate and sulphate respectively. The removal efficiency of nitrate is slightly better at higher temperatures (40°C), indicating the endothermic nature of adsorption [25]. As b a reported by [49], sulphate adsorption seems to perform better at a lower temperature (20°C).…”

Section: Temperature Variationsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…However, commercial available AC is expensive and requires regeneration [23]. Hence, the advocacy for low-cost adsorbents from agricultural wastes, industrial solid wastes, and biomass [24], [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Minimization of Agricultural Drainage Water for Irrigation Water Reuse Using Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

Adejumobi

Olaoye²,

Adebayo³

et al. 2022

ACRI

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Nutrients and organic pollutants draining from agricultural fields are the leading sources of surface water quality impairment. Activated carbon (AC) produced from agricultural crop residues has great success in the sequestration of hazardous substances from wastewaters. This study evaluates the potential of coconut shell activated carbon for agricultural drainage water quality minimization; pH adjustment, and excess nitrate and sulphate adsorption. Agriculture drainage water samples were collected and analyzed for Electrical conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Chloride, Sodium, Sulphate, Bicarbonate, Nitrate – Nitrogen, and pH. Coconut shells were sourced locally and carbonized at 500°C (± 5°C) for one hour in a muffle furnace. The char produced was ground, sieved, and activated with potassium hydroxide (KOH). The porosity and morphological structures of the AC were examined using a Scanning Electron Microscope. The effect of contact time (30, 60, 90, and 120 min), temperature (20 and 40°C), and adsorbent dosage (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 g) were examined using batch studies. The analysis of the drainage water shows the water is highly alkaline and contains sulphate and nitrate above FAO benchmark values. The SEM analysis indicates that the stability and mesoporosity of the carbonaceous material were enhanced by KOH activation. The pH value of the treated water decreased from 9.94 (highly alkaline) to 7.92. The use of 1 g (10 g/l) of coconut shell AC has the highest amount of nitrate and sulphate per unit quantity of AC (4.1 and 2.98 mg/g respectively). The adsorption process peaked at 30 mins contact time with 99.8% and 98.8% nitrate and sulphate removal efficiency, respectively. The process is temperature dependent; nitrate adsorption performs slightly better at 40°C; sulphate adsorption at 20°C. More research effort is needed to ascertain the performance and applicability under continuous flow conditions.

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Sulfate Ion Removal From Water Using Activated Carbon Powder Prepared by Ziziphus Spina-Christi Lotus Leaf

Cited by 15 publications

References 35 publications

Sulphate Minimization in Agricultural Drainage Water Using Modified Rice Husk

Sulphate Minimization in Agricultural Drainage Water Using Modified Rice Husk

New Composite Sorbent for Removal of Sulfate Ions from Simulated and Real Groundwater in the Batch and Continuous Tests

Quality Minimization of Agricultural Drainage Water for Irrigation Water Reuse Using Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

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