Sulfated zirconia: an efficient catalyst for the Friedel–Crafts monoalkylation of resorcinol with methyl tertiary butyl ether to 4-tertiary butylresorcinol

Marakatti, Vijaykumar S.; Marappa, Shivanna; Gaigneaux, Éric M.

doi:10.1039/c9nj01311c

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…After sulfidation, two peaks located at 182.1 eV and 184.5 eV were observed on the XPS Zr 3d spectrum (Figure 3a). They were characteristic of ZrO2 [36]. XPS also evidenced the success of the sulfidation process (Figure 3).…”

Section: Characterization Of the Mesostructured Zro 2 -Based Catalystmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of Mesostructured Zirconia Support on the Activity and Selectivity of 4,6-Dimethydibenzothiophene Hydrodesulfurization

et al. 2020

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In contrast with the conventional CoMoS/alumina catalyst, the use of amorphous mesostructured ZrO2 as support for the dispersion of the CoMoS active phase in deep hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene led to a higher promotion rate and a better sulfidation of the cobalt species. The CoMoS, dispersed over mesostructured amorphous ZrO2 as catalyst, also induced a modification of the main desulfurization way; in this case, a shift towards direct desulfurization selectivity was observed. This result was unexpected regarding the literature. Indeed, the hydrogenated route was observed for commercial zirconia. The designed catalysts are therefore more eco-friendly, since they consume less hydrogen. This implies a better use of the fossil resources.

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Section: Characterization Of the Mesostructured Zro 2 -Based Catalystmentioning

confidence: 84%

Effect of Mesostructured Zirconia Support on the Activity and Selectivity of 4,6-Dimethydibenzothiophene Hydrodesulfurization

et al. 2020

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“…XPS analysis of the survey profile revealed enriched amounts of C, O, N, and Fe on the BCs’ surface (Figure S3). The Zr peak was observed in two binding energies at approximately 182.64 eV (Zr 3d 5/2 ) and 185.45 eV (Zr 3d 3/2 ), which represented Zr-oxide , on the Zr–FeCl 3 B surface (Figure B). XPS survey analysis also confirmed the As 3d spectrum on the BC surface (Figure S4).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The XPS spectra revealed that the second peak produced at 185.45 eV in the Zr 3d 3/2 region corresponds to the Zr–O 2 , (Figure B). Lewis acid–base definition classified Zr to be more basic than Fe species (Fe 2+ or Fe 3+ ) which also enables Zr to function as a reductant.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption–Desorption Behavior of Arsenate Using Single and Binary Iron-Modified Biochars: Thermodynamics and Redox Transformation

et al. 2022

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Arsenic (As) is a dangerous contaminant in drinking water which displays cogent health risks to humans. Effective clean-up approaches must be developed. However, the knowledge of adsorption–desorption behavior of As on modified biochars is limited. In this study, the adsorption–desorption behavior of arsenate (As V ) by single iron (Fe) and binary zirconium–iron (Zr–Fe)-modified biosolid biochars (BSBC) was investigated. For this purpose, BSBC was modified using Fe-chips (FeBSBC), Fe-salt (FeCl 3 BSBC), and Zr–Fe-salt (Zr–FeCl 3 BSBC) to determine the adsorption–desorption behavior of As V using a range of techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed the partial reduction of pentavalent As V to the more toxic trivalent As III form by FeCl 3 BSBC and Zr–FeCl 3 BSBC, which was not observed with FeBSBC. The Langmuir maximum As V adsorption capacities were achieved as 27.4, 29.77, and 67.28 mg/g when treated with FeBSBC (at pH 5), FeCl 3 BSBC (at pH 5), and Zr–FeCl 3 BSBC (at pH 6), respectively, using 2 g/L biochar density and 22 ± 0.5 °C. Co-existing anions reduced the As V removal efficiency in the order PO 4 3– > CO 3 2– > SO 4 2– > Cl – > NO 3 – , although no significant inhibitory effects were observed with cations like Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Al 3+ . The positive correlation of As V adsorption capacity with temperature demonstrated that the endothermic process and the negative value of Gibbs free energy increased (−14.95 to −12.47 kJ/mol) with increasing temperature (277 to 313 K), indicating spontaneous reactions. Desorption and regeneration showed that recycled Fe-chips, Fe-salt, and Zr–Fe-salt-coated biochars can be utilized for the effective removal of As V up to six-repeated cycles.

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“…However, signals corresponding to S=O and titanium oxide were not clear in the spectra. To elucidate whether the acidic sites on the catalysts have Lewis acidic or Brønsted acidic nature, FT−IR analysis of pyridine‐absorbed samples was conducted using Nujol mull or KBr pellet methods [3a,18] . The catalysts were treated with pyridine at room temperature and then dried in vacuo before FT−IR analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well‐Dispersed Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid‐Treated Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Immobilized on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon as Catalysts for Friedel–Crafts Acylation

Yang

Yasukawa

Maki

et al. 2020

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Although strong acid-treated metal oxides are useful heterogeneous superacid catalysts for various organic transformations, they usually have a limited density of acidic sites due to their low surface areas. Herein, heterogeneous trifluoromethanesulfonic acid immobilized nitrogen-doped carbon-incarcerated titanium nanoparticle (NP) catalysts have been developed that are composed of well-dispersed, small Ti NPs (ca 7 nm) that are otherwise difficult to achieve using acid-treated metal oxides. The catalysts showed high activity for Friedel-Crafts acylation with low titanium loading (2 mol%, < 1 mg of metal for 1 mmol of substrate). A range of microscopic, spectroscopic and physicochemical studies revealed that the nitrogen-doped carbon immobilized the trifluoromethanesulfonic acid and that the addition of metals further changed the nature of the acidic species and enhanced catalytic activity.

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Sulfated zirconia: an efficient catalyst for the Friedel–Crafts monoalkylation of resorcinol with methyl tertiary butyl ether to 4-tertiary butylresorcinol

Abstract: Sulfated zirconia (SZ) is an efficient and recyclable catalyst in the selective monoalkylation of resorcinol with MTBE to 4-tertiary butyl resorcinol at low temperature (60 °C).

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Effect of Mesostructured Zirconia Support on the Activity and Selectivity of 4,6-Dimethydibenzothiophene Hydrodesulfurization

Effect of Mesostructured Zirconia Support on the Activity and Selectivity of 4,6-Dimethydibenzothiophene Hydrodesulfurization

Adsorption–Desorption Behavior of Arsenate Using Single and Binary Iron-Modified Biochars: Thermodynamics and Redox Transformation

Well‐Dispersed Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid‐Treated Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Immobilized on Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon as Catalysts for Friedel–Crafts Acylation

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