Sulfating Roasting of Manganese Nodules and Selective Leaching of Roasted Ore.

Kawahara, Masayasu; Mitsuo, Toshiharu

doi:10.2473/shigentosozai.107.305

Cited by 7 publications

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“…For the extraction of metals from manganese nodules, various pyro-metallurgical processes have been proposed, such as segregation by roasting [17] and reduction by smelting [18,19]; pyro-hydrometallurgical processes, such as segregation by roasting in the presence of chloride agents [20], extraction by sulphation roasting and subsequent leaching [21,22], reduction by roasting and subsequent selective ammonia leaching [23]; pyrolysis and subsequent leaching with sulfuric acid [24]; and hydrometallurgical processes, such as high temperature and pressure leaching (autoclave) [25,26], leaching with the use of reducing agents [27][28][29], bioleaching [30,31] and galvanic leaching [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cobalt and Manganese Extraction from Ocean Nodules by Co-Processing with Steel Metallurgical Slag

Pérez

Toro

Robles

et al. 2023

Metals

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Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules (due to their high content of this element), contain various valuable metals such as Cu, Ni and Co. These seabed minerals are a good alternative source of Co and Mn due to the decrease in the grade of mineral deposits on the earth’s surface. For the treatment of manganese nodules, acid-reducing leaching is apparently the most attractive, due to its low cost compared to other processes, short operational times, and it is more friendly to the environment. In this investigation, the extraction of Mn and Co from manganese nodules from two different locations was studied in acid media and by reusing a steel slag obtained from a steel smelting process. An ANOVA analysis was performed to determine the most appropriate Manganese Nodule/Fe(res) ratio and time to dissolve Co and Mn from the nodules. Effect of temperature on the process was evaluated, and then a residue analysis was carried out. Finally, it was discovered that the best results were obtained when working at 60 °C in a time of 15 min, obtaining extractions of approximately 98% Mn and 55% Co. Additionally, the formation of polluting elements was not observed, nor the precipitation of Mn and Co species in the studied residues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cobalt and Manganese Extraction from Ocean Nodules by Co-Processing with Steel Metallurgical Slag

Pérez

Toro

Robles

et al. 2023

Metals

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“…Research on the beneciation and metallurgy process of manganese nodules are conducted in many countries throughout the world since the early 1950s. Now, there have been reports on some representative processing methods, such as reduction roasting-ammonia leaching, 11 cuprous ion catalytic reduction-ammoniacal leaching, 12 reduction acid leaching in H 2 SO 4 or HCl system, 13,14 rusting-leaching process, 15 and bioleaching. 16 A critical review of the literature, especially in terms of energy consumption, carbon emission, and selective extraction, indicates that the reductive leaching of manganese nodules in the sulphuric acid system is a relatively promising and inexpensive approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of Fe³⁺ ions on the electrochemical behaviour of ocean manganese nodule reduction leaching in sulphuric acid solution

2022

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“…The other reducing agents tried in sulfuric acid media and patented are syrup, saccharose, glucose, H 2 O 2 and oxalic acid. Sulfurous acid (Kono et al, 1988;Kawahara and Mitsuo, 1992), ammoniacal alkaline solution (Rokukawa, 1992), ammonia-carbon dioxide solution (Jana and Akerkar, 1989), acidic chloride sulfide mixture (Jana, 1993), and ammoniacal solutions containing ammonium sulfite and ammonium thiosulfate as reductants have invariably been used as leachants for the nodule. Bioleaching of marine manganese nodules by acidophilic sulfur oxidizing bacteria has also been reported (Konishi et al, 1997).…”

Section: Methods Used For Dissolution or Leaching Of The Nodulementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been found that nitric acid being an oxidizing agent is not suitable as a leaching agent. Some other methods used are sulfating, roasting of Mn-nodules in the presence of Jarosite (Kawahara and Mitsuo, 1992) or its roasting with SO 2 gas (Dixit and Raisoni, 1987) and subsequent leaching with water or with an ammoniacal solution. Roasting of the nodules mixed with charcoal in the presence of dry chlorine gas has been done at 200 o C -400 o C as well as, fuel oil reduction of the nodules (Saha and Akerkar, 1987).…”

Section: Methods Used For Dissolution or Leaching Of The Nodulementioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction of Copper, Nickel and Cobalt from Indian Ocean Polymetallic Nodules

Agarwal¹,

Goodrich

2003

Can J Chem Eng

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303I n recent years, there has been considerable interest in the potential use of deep-sea manganese nodules for the recovery of copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese, by those countries which have no domestic production of these metals. To meet their industrial and military requirements, these countries depend entirely on foreign nations for the supply of these metals and thus are vulnerable to supply disruptions. Some countries, which have partial production of these metals, meet their needs by importing them. Nickel and cobalt are critical components in alloy steel used for jet engine parts, high strength tools, heat and corrosion resistant alloys, magnets, catalysts, drying additives in paints and other chemicals. Cobalt metal is generally used either as a powder, solid metal, or one of its salts. In recognition of the strategic importance of these metals, research has been directed for their extraction from deep-sea manganese nodules as a major source. In spite of the development of suitable technologies in the United States and Japan for the recovery of these metals, it has been observed (Jordan, 1988) that research on these resources should be limited to approaches that promise to cut the total processing costs by at least 50%. The economics of recovery are not favourable as it is $17/lb and the rate of return of investment is only 4% to 6%. However, at least a 30% rate of return on investment is required to attract the necessary venture capital for sea nodule production.In present work, an effective chemical process has been developed for the extraction of copper, nickel, cobalt and recovery of manganese as manganese carbonate. Manganese nodules from the Indian Ocean basin are abundant in water depths of around 2000 to 5000 meters. They are rough surfaced, contain todorokite as the dominant mineral phase, have a thicker oxide layer and are rich in Mn/Fe and Cu/Ni ratio. They range from 0.625 to 7.25 cm in size and are composed of MnO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 or hydroxides (40% to 70%) as the main component associated with relatively minor amounts (0.1% to 1.0 %) of copper, nickel and cobalt. The mineralogy is basically fine-grained oxides mixed with layers of silicious gangue minerals (Parekh et al., 1988). Haynes et al. (1983) gave comprehensive flow sheets for the processing of the nodules in 1983. Five of the most promising techniques for metal extraction are: gas reduction and ammoniacal leach, cuprion ammoniacal leach, high-temperature and high pressure H 2 SO 4 leach, reduction and HCl leach and smelting and H 2 SO 4 leach. On reviewing the details of these methods, it is evident that the cuprion ammoniacal leach process is not appropriate for cobalt extraction, and the other four methods are complex, expensive and hazardous to the environment. Mn-nodules contain up to 30% water even when drying in air (Mizola et al., 1989). Thus hydrometallurgical processes will be superior and economical to the pyrometallurgical ones due to saving of energy. Some of the extractive metallurgical details have been described in...

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Sulfating Roasting of Manganese Nodules and Selective Leaching of Roasted Ore.

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Cobalt and Manganese Extraction from Ocean Nodules by Co-Processing with Steel Metallurgical Slag

Cobalt and Manganese Extraction from Ocean Nodules by Co-Processing with Steel Metallurgical Slag

The effect of Fe³⁺ ions on the electrochemical behaviour of ocean manganese nodule reduction leaching in sulphuric acid solution

Extraction of Copper, Nickel and Cobalt from Indian Ocean Polymetallic Nodules

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Sulfating Roasting of Manganese Nodules and Selective Leaching of Roasted Ore.

Cited by 7 publications

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Cobalt and Manganese Extraction from Ocean Nodules by Co-Processing with Steel Metallurgical Slag

Cobalt and Manganese Extraction from Ocean Nodules by Co-Processing with Steel Metallurgical Slag

The effect of Fe3+ ions on the electrochemical behaviour of ocean manganese nodule reduction leaching in sulphuric acid solution

Extraction of Copper, Nickel and Cobalt from Indian Ocean Polymetallic Nodules

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The effect of Fe³⁺ ions on the electrochemical behaviour of ocean manganese nodule reduction leaching in sulphuric acid solution