Sulfation, structural analysis, and anticoagulant bioactivity of ginger polysaccharides

Abstract

In this study, ginger polysaccharide (GP), ginger polysaccharide 1 (GP1), and ginger polysaccharide 2 (GP2) from ginger were firstly modified by sulfation. Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra investigation of sulfated ginger polysaccharide (SGP), sulfated ginger polysaccharide 1 (SGP1), and sulfated ginger polysaccharide 2 (SGP2) revealed that the sulfation successfully occurred with the characteristic absorption peak of polysaccharide. Congo red experiment showed that triple helical structure existed in SGP and SGP1, but random coils existed in SGP2. SGP, SGP1, and SGP2 all showed a rough and rugged surface with plenty of small pores. The blood clotting time of SGP2 or SGP at 2 mg/mL in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay was 41.42 or 38.01 s, respectively, which were approximately 1.33‐ and 1.22‐fold longer than that of the physiological saline. Compared to the saline control group, prothrombin time (PT) was increased by 1.22‐fold with the addition of GP at 2 mg/mL. However, no clotting inhibition phenomenon was observed in thrombin time test even at the concentrations that APTT and PT were obviously prolonged. It indicated that GP2, SGP2, and SGP inhibited the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, but GP inhibited both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of coagulation. Hence, ginger polysaccharides might be used as anticoagulants and therapeutic reagents for thrombosis.

Physicochemical, Rheological, Structural, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Properties of Polysaccharides Extracted from Tamarind Seeds

“…In contrast, the trend of maximum absorbance wavelength was similar with Congo red solution to a shorter wavelength when the tertiary-helical structure does not exist. [22]. Figure 3 shows the change of the max absorbance of the TSP under NaOH solution with concentrations were 0-0.5 M. In Congo red tests (Figure 3), there were significant shifts in the maximum absorption wavelength of TSP and the values from 499 nm to 486 nm with the increasing NaOH concentration.…”

“…e conformation structure of TSP was determined using the Congo red method reported by Wang et al [22]. e TSP solution (1 mg/mL) containing 80 μM Congo red solution was mixed in NaOH solution with final concentrations ranging from 0 M to 0.5 M. A UV spectrometer (T6, Beijing Puxi General Instrument Co. Ltd., Beijing, China) was used to scan the absorbance ranging from 190 nm to 600 nm after being kept for 30 min at room temperature and record the maximum absorption wavelength.…”

Structural Elucidation, Modification, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Polysaccharides in Chinese Herbs: A Review

“…Then, sulfate groups can enhance the anticoagulant activity of CHPs by generating the high level of negative charge density. The sulfated polysaccharides obtained from Zingiber officinale with the higher degree of sulfation and suitable molecular weight showed better anticoagulant activities ( 141 ). In addition, CHPs exert their antioxidant activity by providing hydrogen atoms from polysaccharide chain and the presence of sulfated groups could increase the ability to provide hydrogen atoms ( 142 , 143 ).…”

Polysaccharides from Medicine and Food Homology Materials: A Review on Their Extraction, Purification, Structure, and Biological Activities

“…However, no coagulation inhibition was detected in the thrombin time test even at the significantly prolonged concentrations of APTT and PT. Therefore, Ginger polysaccharide may be used as anticoagulant and therapeutic reagent for thrombosis [ 121 ]. Radiotherapy is the most commonly used clinical treatment for malignant tumors.…”