Sulfide melts in ore deposits from low-grade metamorphic settings: Insights from fluid and Tl-rich sulfosalt microinclusions from the Monte Arsiccio mine (Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy)

Biagioni, Cristian; D’Orazio, Massimo; Fulignati, Paolo; George, Luke L.; Mauro, Daniela; Zaccarini, Federica

doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103589

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The metamorphic-hosted deposits represent the second important thallium occurrence documented in the literature. Typical deposits include Apuan Alps; Tuscany in Italy [35], Lengenbach in Switzerland; and Yunfu in Guangdong, China [12,36]. This type of Tl deposit shares the elemental assemblage of Tl-Hg-As-Sb-Pb-Zn in ore geochemistry.…”

Section: Thallium Ore Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to their structure types, seven archetypes (SnS, PbS, sphalerite, Tl-rich structures, structures of combination of two archetypes, chain structures, and layer structures with thallium-rich layers) have been categorized, and detailed crystal structures and crystal-chemical generalizations have been made [54]. Tuscany in Italy and Lengenbach in Switzerland are two classic localities for these rare thallium sulfosalt minerals [35,55]. Metamorphic overprint upon previous hydrothermal deposits is responsible for the complex thallium mineralization [55,56].…”

Section: Thallium Sulfosaltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crystal structure of the mineral is given in Figure 3. Biagioni et al [35] documented Tl-bearing alum (K) from the Apuan Alps in Italy and argued that the substitution of Al 3+ by Fe 3+ and K + by both NH4 + and Tl + are responsible for the nonlinear variation of the unit-crystal parameter from Alum(K) to lanmuchangite. Lanmuchangite (TlAl(SO 4 ) 2 •12H 2 O) is the Tl-analog of alunite.…”

Section: Secondary Thallium and Potassium Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary Sulfate Minerals from Thallium Mineralized Areas: Their Formation and Environmental Significance

Zhao

2021

Minerals

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Thallium is a highly toxic metal and is predominantly hosted by sulfides associated with low-temperature hydrothermal mineralization. Weathering and oxidation of sulfides generate acid drainage with a high concentration of thallium, posing a threat to surrounding environments. Thallium may also be incorporated into secondary sulfate minerals, which act as temporary storage for thallium. We present a state-of-the-art review on the formation mechanism of the secondary sulfate minerals from thallium mineralized areas and the varied roles these sulfate minerals play in Tl mobility. Up to 89 independent thallium minerals and four unnamed thallium minerals have been documented. These thallium minerals are dominated by Tl sulfosalts and limited to several sites. Occurrence, crystal chemistry, and Tl content of the secondary sulfate minerals indicate that Tl predominantly occurs as Tl(I) in K-bearing sulfate. Lanmuchangite acts as a transient source and sink of Tl for its water-soluble feature, whereas dorallcharite, Tl-voltaite, and Tl-jarosite act as the long term source and sink of Tl in the surface environments. Acid and/or ferric iron derived from the dissolution of sulfate minerals may increase the pyrite oxidation process and Tl release from Tl-bearing sulfides in the long term.

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Section: Thallium Ore Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Thallium Sulfosaltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Secondary Thallium and Potassium Sulfatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Secondary Sulfate Minerals from Thallium Mineralized Areas: Their Formation and Environmental Significance

Zhao

2021

Minerals

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“…The main exploited orebody at the Monte Arsiccio mine was represented by a lensshaped body, having a size of 120 m × 90 m × 80 m [21]. The mineralogical study of Monte Arsiccio allowed the identification of more than one hundred mineral species [22]. Among them, 18 different species can be classified as secondary sulfates (Table 1).…”

Section: Geological Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary Sulfates from the Monte Arsiccio Mine (Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy): Trace-Element Budget and Role in the Formation of Acid Mine Drainage

et al. 2021

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A suite of sulfate minerals from the Monte Arsiccio mine (Apuan Alps, Northern Tuscany, Italy), previously identified by using both X-ray diffraction and micro-Raman spectroscopy, was studied through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), in order to determine their trace-element content. Several elements (Tl, Rb, As, Sb, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cr) were found above the detection limits. Among them, some are important from an environmental perspective and may reach relatively high concentrations (e.g., Tl = 1370–2988 μg/g; As = 505–1680 μg/g). Thus, these sulfates may act as transient sinks for some of these potentially toxic elements, as well as for sulfate ions and acidity. Indeed, dissolution experiments revealed the ability of these secondary minerals to produce a significant pH decrease of the solutions, as well as the release of Fe, Al, and K as major ions. This work discusses the relation between the budget of trace elements and the crystal chemistry of sulfate minerals and provides new insights about the environmental role played by the sulfate dissolution in controlling the quality of water in acid mine drainage systems.

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“…The Monte Arsiccio mine exploited a pyrite ± baryte ± iron-oxide (magnetite, hematite and ‘limonite’) ore deposit located in the north-eastern sector of the Sant'Anna tectonic window, in the southern Apuan Alps. A review on its geological setting can be found in Biagioni et al (2020c) and references therein.…”

Section: Occurrence and Mineral Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bianchiniite, Ba₂(Ti⁴⁺V³⁺)(As₂O₅)₂OF, a new diarsenite mineral from the Monte Arsiccio mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy

Biagioni

Pasero

Hålenius

et al. 2021

MinMag

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Sulfide melts in ore deposits from low-grade metamorphic settings: Insights from fluid and Tl-rich sulfosalt microinclusions from the Monte Arsiccio mine (Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy)

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Secondary Sulfate Minerals from Thallium Mineralized Areas: Their Formation and Environmental Significance

Secondary Sulfate Minerals from Thallium Mineralized Areas: Their Formation and Environmental Significance

Secondary Sulfates from the Monte Arsiccio Mine (Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy): Trace-Element Budget and Role in the Formation of Acid Mine Drainage

Bianchiniite, Ba₂(Ti⁴⁺V³⁺)(As₂O₅)₂OF, a new diarsenite mineral from the Monte Arsiccio mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy

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Sulfide melts in ore deposits from low-grade metamorphic settings: Insights from fluid and Tl-rich sulfosalt microinclusions from the Monte Arsiccio mine (Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy)

Cited by 13 publications

References 47 publications

Secondary Sulfate Minerals from Thallium Mineralized Areas: Their Formation and Environmental Significance

Secondary Sulfate Minerals from Thallium Mineralized Areas: Their Formation and Environmental Significance

Secondary Sulfates from the Monte Arsiccio Mine (Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy): Trace-Element Budget and Role in the Formation of Acid Mine Drainage

Bianchiniite, Ba2(Ti4+V3+)(As2O5)2OF, a new diarsenite mineral from the Monte Arsiccio mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy

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Bianchiniite, Ba₂(Ti⁴⁺V³⁺)(As₂O₅)₂OF, a new diarsenite mineral from the Monte Arsiccio mine, Apuan Alps, Tuscany, Italy