Sulfide Scale Control: A High Efficacy Breakthrough Using an Innovative Class of Polymeric Inhibitors

Savin, Adam Justin; Adamson, Ben; Wylde, Jonathan; Kerr, Jamie Richard; Kayser, Christoph; Trallenkamp, Taina; Fischer, Dirk; Okocha, Cyril

doi:10.2118/169777-ms

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Exotic Scale formation refers to precipitation of ZnS, PbS and FeS [1] due to changes in pressure and temperature when brine, oil and gas is transported from underground to the surface. To reduce the risk associated with scaling it is important to determine the solubility of these three sulfides at the operating temperatures and pressures, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Zinc Sulfide Solubility to High Temperatures

et al. 2017

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A new experimental set-up and methodology for the measurement of ZnS solubility in aqueous solutions at 40, 60 and 80 ˚C (atmospheric pressure) is presented. The methodology implemented includes the preparation of the samples in a reduced oxygen atmosphere, particle size analysis of ZnS, quality control of the analytical technique and evaluation of equilibration time.ZnS solubility analyses were run at prolonged times (up to 11 days) to ensure that equilibrium conditions were met. The equilibration time was explored at three temperatures (40 ˚C, 60 ˚C, and 80 ˚C) observing small variations in the time required to reach the solid liquid equilibrium conditions at each temperature. Equilibrium was reached within 72 hours. The concentration of zinc and of total sulfur was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The experimental solubility data show an exponential dependency of the solubility with respect to temperature. An increase of 40 ˚C results in an increase of roughly 12 times for the solubility of ZnS.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Zinc Sulfide Solubility to High Temperatures

et al. 2017

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“…Iron sulfide scaling can be formed as a consequence of corrosion in the well as well as deposition of soluble Fe and H2S present in the well. Iron sulfide scaling is usually present in H2S rich oil wells (sour oil) and gas wells [5,[10][11][12]. The main source of iron in an oil reservoir is from the corrosion process of the tubing.…”

Section: Previous Studies On Fes Solubilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from the two studies by Berner [8] and Tewari et al [7] discussed earlier, comparison with other studies is challenging. The solubility data reported by Yan et al [12] were obtained using troilite in an aqueous solution of 1 M NaCl. Troilite exhibits higher solubility values than pyrrhotite as observed in the data published by Tewari et al [7].…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature On Fes and Pbs Solubilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of iron and lead sulfide solubility below 100 °C

Murcia

Fosbøl

Stenby

et al. 2018

Fluid Phase Equilibria

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“…Dyer et al (2006) studied sulfide scales using both static jar tests and dynamic in situ filter tests and were therefore able to examine sulphide scale at elevated temperatures. 16 Savin et al (2014) used anaerobic static jar tests and modified dynamic scale loop tests, with an in line filter, to examine the performance of a number of novel polymeric chemicals. 18 Tortolano et al (2014) also used a modified dynamic loop to examine the effect of zinc sulphide on the formation and inhibition of calcium carbonate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 Savin et al (2014) used anaerobic static jar tests and modified dynamic scale loop tests, with an in line filter, to examine the performance of a number of novel polymeric chemicals. 18 Tortolano et al (2014) also used a modified dynamic loop to examine the effect of zinc sulphide on the formation and inhibition of calcium carbonate. 19 They concluded that zinc sulphide dramatically accelerated calcium carbonate formation and made the scaling conditions extremely harsh -even with very small amounts of zinc sulphide were present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Environmentally Acceptable Inhibitors for Zinc Sulphide Inhibition

Williams

Tortolano

Champion

et al. 2015

SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry

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Carbonate and sulphate scales are the most common types of mineral deposit associated with the recovery and processing of hydrocarbon and associated produced water. In high temperature fields (Ͼ140°C) within the North Sea, more unusual scale types have been observed, namely zinc and lead sulphide. Limited studies have been focussed on zinc sulphide (ZnS), and mechanisms for scale inhibitors to control this scale are still relatively unknown.In laboratory studies, the relatively small amount of ZnS deposited and 'soft' scale characteristics make it difficult to test ZnS using traditional test methods, especially at high temperature. A novel dynamic loop test combining the traditional test coil and novel test filter system has been developed to evaluate ZnS inhibitors and was published in SPE paper 169810.The mechanisms of the inhibitor interactions with ZnS suggested from this previous study have been further evaluated and will be reported in this paper. The investigation of the inhibitor mechanisms have been addressed by scanning electron microscope evaluation of scale texture and size distribution of scales recovered from static bottle tests conducted at 70°C.Several different generic types of ZnS scale inhibitor chemistries were selected based on the previously published study. Type 1 inhibitor is dispersion/nucleation inhibitor, Type 2 is nucleation/growth inhibitor, and Type 3 has no inhibition function on ZnS. The test results at 70°C agree well with the mechanism suggested in the previously published tube / filter blocking study, and the inhibition mechanisms are reinforced. The difference in particle size, particle quantity and crystal morphology shows how different generic types of inhibitors interact with the ZnS scale.This paper is a comprehensive study of the mechanism of ZnS formation and inhibition via a range of experimental test methods to fully understand the impact that inhibitor functional groups have on crystal growth inhibition, nucleation inhibition and dispersion mechanism.

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Sulfide Scale Control: A High Efficacy Breakthrough Using an Innovative Class of Polymeric Inhibitors

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Determination of Zinc Sulfide Solubility to High Temperatures

Determination of Zinc Sulfide Solubility to High Temperatures

Measurement of iron and lead sulfide solubility below 100 °C

Mechanisms of Environmentally Acceptable Inhibitors for Zinc Sulphide Inhibition

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Sulfide Scale Control: A High Efficacy Breakthrough Using an Innovative Class of Polymeric Inhibitors

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Determination of Zinc Sulfide Solubility to High Temperatures

Determination of Zinc Sulfide Solubility to High Temperatures

Measurement of iron and lead sulfide solubility below 100 °C

Mechanisms of Environmentally Acceptable Inhibitors for Zinc Sulphide Inhibition

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Product

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Measurement of iron and lead sulfide solubility below 100 °C