Sulfide stress cracking of high strength modified Cr-Mo steels

Charbonnier, Jean; Margot-Marette, H.; Brass, A.M.; Aucouturier, Marc

doi:10.1007/bf02814846

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence the permeation current decreases after a relatively short steady state period during the first permeation cycle, as shown in Figure 4 [47]. The diffusion coefficients calculated from breakthrough times are the largest, whereas the diffusion coefficients calculated from lag times and rising first transients are quite similar and lower than the values calculated from the breakthrough times.…”

Section: Permeation Transientsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Effect of microstructure and composition on hydrogen permeation in X70 pipeline steels

Haq

Muzaka

Dunne

et al. 2013

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The influence of microstructure and composition on permeation of hydrogen in 1.2 and 0.5 wt.% Mn X70 pipeline steels after different processing was investigated using an electrochemical permeation technique. For 1.2 wt.% Mn (standard Mn) steel, the microstructure of normalised transfer bar was coarse equiaxed ferrite grains. This sample exhibited the highest diffusivity, followed by transfer bar, with a mixed ferriteebainitic ferrite microstructure; and hot rolled strip, with fine elongated ferrite grains. The 0.5 wt.% Mn (medium Mn) strip displayed lower diffusivity than the 1.2 wt.% Mn strip, due to hydrogen trapping by finer ferrite grains and a higher density of carbonitride precipitates. Moreover, the medium Mn strip exhibited a uniform microstructure and consequently similar diffusion coefficients for the edge and centreline regions, whereas the finer grains of the edge region of the standard Mn strip resulted in a lower diffusivity than the centreline region. Copyright © 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. AbstractThe influence of microstructure and composition on permeation of hydrogen in 1.2 and 0.5 wt.% Mn X70 pipeline steels after different processing was investigated using an electrochemical permeation technique. For 1.2 wt.% Mn (standard Mn) steel, the microstructure of normalised transfer bar was coarse equiaxed ferrite grains. This sample exhibited the highest diffusivity, followed by transfer bar, with a mixed ferrite -bainitic ferrite microstructure; and hot rolled strip, with fine elongated ferrite grains.The 0.5 wt.% Mn (medium Mn) strip displayed lower diffusivity than the 1.2 wt.% Mn strip, due to hydrogen trapping by finer ferrite grains and a higher density of carbonitride precipitates.Moreover, the medium Mn strip exhibited a uniform microstructure and consequently similar diffusion coefficients for the edge and centreline regions, whereas the finer grains of the edge region of the standard Mn strip resulted in a lower diffusivity than the centreline region.

show abstract

Section: Permeation Transientsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Effect of microstructure and composition on hydrogen permeation in X70 pipeline steels

Haq

Muzaka

Dunne

et al. 2013

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

163

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Finally, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) was used for identification tate phases. 30 MPaΊm, water spraying gave rise to relatively high prop-III. RESULTS agation rates, but well below those corresponding to the The evolution of crack length with time under the various quenched specimens.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, from the fine dispersion of innocuous carbide traps. Moreover, the work of Charbonnier et al, [30] also indicates that Q&T of experimental TEM observations, it was not possible to discern whether planar deformation occurred ahead of the crack Mo-, V-, and Ti-containing steels results in a refined MC carbide microstructure. These carbides in turn delay HE tip region as suggested for hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity (HELP).…”

Section: B Hydrogen Entrymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…[10,25] In addition, H 2 S accelerates the rate of anodic stresses, as well as the type and density of traps present. [16,30] (a) C. Heat Treating able to effectively combine with the absorbed hydrogen to generate a brittle path for rapid crack growth, as suggested In the WS and Q&T conditions, the steel was less susceptiin the literature. [1,5] ble to undergo SSC.…”

Section: B Hydrogen Entrymentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The role of heat treating on the sour gas resistance of an X-80 steel for oil and gas transport

López

Bharadwaj

Albarrán³

et al. 1999

Metall Mater Trans A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, the role of the microstructure in the stress sulfide cracking (SSC) resistance of an API X-80 steel was investigated by exposure of as-received and heat-treated specimens to a H 2 S-saturated aqueous National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) solution. It was found that for similar corrosive environments and applied stress intensity factors of 30 to 46 MPaΊm, crack growth in LEFM (linear elastic fracture mechanics) compact specimens is strongly influenced by heat treating. In the as-received alloy, crack growth in the direction normal to rolling was controlled by metal dissolution of the crack tip region in contact with the corrosive environment, with crack growth rates of the order of 1/W(da/dt) ϳ 8.3 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 h Ϫ1 . Alternatively, crack growth in the direction parallel to the rolling direction did not show metal dissolution, but instead hydrogen embrittlement along segregation bands. In this case, crack growth rates of the order of 1.2 ϫ 10 Ϫ3 h Ϫ1 were exhibited. In the martensitic condition, the rate of crack propagation was relatively fast (1/W(da/dt) ϳ 4.5 ϫ 10 Ϫ2 h Ϫ1 ), indicating severe hydrogen embrittlement. Crack arrest events were found to occur in watersprayed and quenched and tempered specimens, with threshold stress intensity values (K ISSC ) of 26 and 32 MPaΊm, respectively. Apparently, in the water-sprayed condition, numerous microcracks developed in the crack tip plastic zone. Crack growth occurred by linking of microcracks, which were able to reach the main crack tip. In particular, preferential microcrack growth occurred across carbide regions, but their growth was severely limited in the ferritic matrix. Quenching and tempering (Q& T) resulted in a tempered martensite microstructure characterized by fine distribution carbides, most of which were cementite. In this case, the crack path continually shifted to follow the ferrite interlath boundaries, which contained mostly fine cementite precipitates. As a result, the crack was tortuous with numerous bifurcations along ferrite grain boundaries. Most of the tests were carried out in NaClfree NACE solutions; the only exception was the as-received condition where 5 wt pct NaCl was added to the sour environment. In this case, crack growth did not occur after exposing the specimen to the salt-free NACE solution for 30 days, but addition of 5 pct NaCl promoted crack propagation.

show abstract

“…On the other hand, vacuum isothermal desorption experiments performed at room temperature on low-alloy Cr-Mo steels after cathodic charging have shown that the binding energy with hydrogen of the traps, which release hydrogen at this temperature, is equal to 0.34 eV/atom. [44] Micro-autoradiographic observations of hydrogen trapping in these steels allowed to visualize high energy trapping on cementite particles and on (V, Ti, Mo, Cr, Fe)C carbides [44] for which the binding energy with hydrogen was found to be equal to about 0.6 eV/atom. Furthermore, other theoretical and experimental studies using thermal analysis of iron charged with hydrogen have shown that the value of the trap activation energy below which traps can be considered to be reversible is equal to 0.26 eV/atom.…”

Section: Influence Of Microstructure and Hydrogen Activitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantification of hydrogen diffusion and trapping in 2.25Cr-1Mo and 3Cr-1Mo-V steels with the electrochemical permeation technique and melt extractions

Brass

Guillon

Vivet

2004

Metall Mater Trans A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The electrochemical permeation technique was used to investigate the effect of microstructure, hydrogen activity, and stationary dislocations generated by tensile straining on the permeation and degassing of hydrogen. A conventional 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, with which the existing hydrotreating reactors are made, and a 3Cr-1Mo-V steel, which is a candidate material for the future generation of reactors, were selected for this study. The effective diffusion coefficient of hydrogen derived from permeation and degassing transients shows a slower diffusivity in the V-containing steel at room temperature, regardless of the hydrogen activity. A large plastic deformation obtained by tensile straining in the homogeneous deformation domain only leads to a moderate decrease of the hydrogen diffusivity in both steels. The results are compared with the literature data on hydrogen permeation in iron and ferritic steels. On the other hand, the hydrogen content was measured with the melt extraction method after cathodic charging and subsequent aging at room temperature for different times to determine the diffusible (lattice ϩ reversibly trapped) hydrogen concentration. It was shown that the latter is larger in 3Cr-1Mo-V steel, which contains, in addition, a large fraction of "strong reversible" traps. A good concordance was found between the diffusible hydrogen concentration values computed from steady-state permeation measurements and from graphical integration of decay transients. The validity of the quantification, from permeation experiments, of the diffusible hydrogen concentration in materials with complex microstructures is discussed.

show abstract

Sulfide stress cracking of high strength modified Cr-Mo steels

Cited by 44 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of microstructure and composition on hydrogen permeation in X70 pipeline steels

Effect of microstructure and composition on hydrogen permeation in X70 pipeline steels

The role of heat treating on the sour gas resistance of an X-80 steel for oil and gas transport

Quantification of hydrogen diffusion and trapping in 2.25Cr-1Mo and 3Cr-1Mo-V steels with the electrochemical permeation technique and melt extractions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About