Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim

Zinner, Stephen H.; Mayer, Kenneth H.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-4801-3.00033-3

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…A chi-squared test showed there was a significant correlation between Intl1 and the SXT resistance phenotype. Clinically, the most important mechanism for trimethoprim resistance is plasmid-mediated DHFRs [67]. As mentioned above, a class 1 integron may carry different antibiotic resistance gene cassettes, and as 11 isolates that carried bla OXA-1 were also carrying Intl1, this gene cassette might be carried by a class 1 integron.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant ESBL-Producing E. coli in Clinical Samples from the UK

et al. 2023

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Globally, cephalosporin therapy failure is a serious problem for infection control. One causative agent of cephalosporin-resistant infections is multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and/or plasmid-encoded AmpC (pAmpC) β-lactamases. We evaluated the occurrence of ESBL/pAmpC genetic determinants in phenotypically MDR E. coli isolated from clinical samples of blood, faeces, ear effusion, urine and sputum from a UK hospital. Phenotypic resistance profiling for 18 antibiotics (from seven classes) showed that 32/35 isolates were MDR, with resistance to 4–16 of the tested antibiotics. Of the isolates, 97.1% showed resistance to ampicillin, 71.4% showed resistance to co-amoxiclav, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and ceftiofur, and 68.5% showed resistance to cefquinome. blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaOXA-1 genes were detected in 23, 13 and 12 strains, respectively, and Intl1 was detected in 17 isolates. The most common subtypes among the definite sequence types were CTX-M-15 (40%) and TEM-1 (75%). No E. coli isolates carried pAmpC genes. Significant correlations were seen between CTX-M carriage and cefotaxime, ceftiofur, aztreonam, ceftazidime and cefquinome resistance; between blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaOXA-1 carriage and ciprofloxacin resistance; and between Intl1 carriage and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance. Thus, MDR phenotypes may be conferred by a relatively small number of genes. The level and pattern of antibiotic resistance highlight the need for better antibiotic therapy guidelines, including reduced use and improved surveillance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug-Resistant ESBL-Producing E. coli in Clinical Samples from the UK

et al. 2023

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“…In Enterobacterales , these genes are usually part of mobile gene cassettes associated with integrons ( Partridge et al, 2009 ). This ARG is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and is found in Staphylococci ( Zinner and Mayer, 2015 ; Rossolini et al, 2017 ). Surpringsily, the variants dfrA12 , dfrA17 , and dfrA5 showed higher percentages in the isolates from environmental sources compared with animal and human isolates, where the proportions were equal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic insights of mcr-1 harboring Escherichia coli by geographical region and a One-Health perspective

Calero-Cáceres

Rodríguez²,

Medina³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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The importance of the One Health concept in attempting to deal with the increasing levels of multidrug-resistant bacteria in both human and animal health is a challenge for the scientific community, policymakers, and the industry. The discovery of the plasmid-borne mobile colistin resistance (mcr) in 2015 poses a significant threat because of the ability of these plasmids to move between different bacterial species through horizontal gene transfer. In light of these findings, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries implement surveillance strategies to detect the presence of plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant microorganisms and take suitable measures to control and prevent their dissemination. Seven years later, ten different variants of the mcr gene (mcr-1 to mcr-10) have been detected worldwide in bacteria isolated from humans, animals, foods, the environment, and farms. However, the possible transmission mechanisms of the mcr gene among isolates from different geographical origins and sources are largely unknown. This article presents an analysis of whole-genome sequences of Escherichia coli that harbor mcr-1 gene from different origins (human, animal, food, or environment) and geographical location, to identify specific patterns related to virulence genes, plasmid content and antibiotic resistance genes, as well as their phylogeny and their distribution with their origin. In general, E. coli isolates that harbor mcr-1 showed a wide plethora of ARGs. Regarding the plasmid content, the highest concentration of plasmids was found in animal samples. In turn, Asia was the continent that led with the largest diversity and occurrence of these plasmids. Finally, about virulence genes, terC, gad, and traT represent the most frequent virulence genes detected. These findings highlight the relevance of analyzing the environmental settings as an integrative part of the surveillance programs to understand the origins and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.

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“…This enzyme act as a target for antimicrobial drugs such as Sulfamethoxazole because folic acid is not synthesized by humans who depend on preformed folic acid. Sulfamethoxazole is an analog of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) acting by competitively binding to the enzyme preventing the binding of PABA which is the substrate for folic acid synthesis (62). Although compound IX interacted with higher BA and Ki, both compounds interacted with a similar amino acid including Arg255, Lys221, Thr62, and Phe190…”

Section: Sciences Of Pharmacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemical Analysis, In-vitro, and In-silico Antibacterial Activity of Stembark Extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill and Perr

Dahiru,

Abaka,

Musa

2023

sciphar

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Bacterial infections subsequently leading to antibiotic resistance has been a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide especially in developing countries with high poverty rate and poor healthcare system. Thus, prompting the prospect in alternative therapy such as medicinal plants. In the present study, we evaluated the antibacterial action of stem bark extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus (AL) Guill and Perr. as applied in folkloric medicine for antibacterial purposes. The phytochemicals present in the plant extract were identified and quantified, followed by the determination of the antibacterial effects of the extract against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Molecular docking study was carried out to ascertain the inhibitory effects of compounds from AL against bacterial enzymes. Alkaloids (7.17% ±0.60), saponins (11.33% ±3.18), and flavonoids (31.01% ±4.04) were detected. A maximum ZI was observed for E. coli compared to S. aureus at the highest extract concentration (100 mg/mL) with amoxicillin having superior ZI at 50 mg/mL concentration. The MIC against E. coli and S. aureus were 12.5 mg/mL and ≤ 6.25 mg/mL respectively while the MBC was>100 mg/mL and 100 mg/mL respectively. Among the identified compounds, IX exhibited the least binding affinity (BA) (7.2 kcal/mol) and inhibition constant (Ki) (5 µM) against UDP-N-acetylglucosamine Enolpyruvyl Transferase (Mur A) compared to all the other targets. AL demonstrated antibacterial activity evidenced by the bacterial growth inhibition, bactericidal potential, and in-silico study revealing high affinity of the bacterial enzymes for the identified compounds, thereby supporting the acclaimed antibacterial use of the plant in folkloric medicine.

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Sulfonamides and Trimethoprim

Cited by 13 publications

References 123 publications

Multidrug-Resistant ESBL-Producing E. coli in Clinical Samples from the UK

Multidrug-Resistant ESBL-Producing E. coli in Clinical Samples from the UK

Genomic insights of mcr-1 harboring Escherichia coli by geographical region and a One-Health perspective

Phytochemical Analysis, In-vitro, and In-silico Antibacterial Activity of Stembark Extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill and Perr

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