Sulfonamides with Heterocyclic Periphery as Antiviral Agents

Abstract

Sulfonamides are the basic motifs for a whole generation of drugs from a large group of antibiotics. Currently, research in the field of the new sulfonamide synthesis has received a “second wind”, due to the increase in the synthetic capabilities of organic chemistry and the study of their medical and biological properties of a wide spectrum of biological activity. New reagents and new reactions make it possible to significantly increase the number of compounds with a sulfonamide fragment in combination with other important pharmacophore groups, such as, for example, a wide class of N-containing heterocycles. The result of these synthetic possibilities is the extension of the activity spectrum—along with antibacterial activity, many of them exhibit other types of biological activity. Antiviral activity is also observed in a wide range of sulfonamide derivatives. This review provides examples of the synthesis of sulfonamide compounds with antiviral properties that can be used to develop drugs against coxsackievirus B, enteroviruses, encephalomyocarditis viruses, adenoviruses, human parainfluenza viruses, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, SARS-CoV-2, HIV and others. Since over the past three years, viral infections have become a special problem for public health throughout the world, the development of new broad-spectrum antiviral drugs is an extremely important task for synthetic organic and medicinal chemistry. Sulfonamides can be both sources of nitrogen for building a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic core and the side chain substituents of a biologically active substance. The formation of the sulfonamide group is often achieved by the reaction of the N-nucleophilic center in the substrate molecule with the corresponding sulfonylchloride. Another approach involves the use of sulfonamides as the reagents for building a nitrogen-containing framework.

Synthesis, in silico ADMET prediction analysis, and pharmacological evaluation of sulfonamide derivatives tethered with pyrazole or pyridine as anti-diabetic and anti-Alzheimer's agents

“…In addition, sulfonamide derivatives have attracted the scientific community's attention because of their biological activities ( Khair-ul-Bariyah et al, 2024 , Higazy et al, 2024 , Alpınar et al, 2024 ) and are used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and cancer ( Moskalik, 2023 , Apaydın and Török, 2019 ). The thiazole-bearing sulfonamide derivative G possesses excellent potency in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes, with IC 50 values of 0.10 ± 0.05 µM and 0.20 ± 0.050 µM, respectively, as an anti-Alzheimer's agent ( Khan et al, 2023 ).…”

Novel synthesis of new triazine sulfonamides with antitumor, anti-microbial and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities

“…1 ) also is used to treat a wide range of susceptible bacterial infections [ 50 ]. Furthermore, sulfonamides have anti-viral characteristics that can be utilized to develop drugs against enteroviruses, coxsackievirus B, encephalomyocarditis viruses, human parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, Ebola virus, HIV, Marburg virus, SARS-CoV-2 among other viruses [ 51 ].

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Facile access to 3-sulfonylquinolines via Knoevenagel condensation/aza-Wittig reaction cascade involving ortho-azidobenzaldehydes and β-ketosulfonamides and sulfones

“…In fact, more than one hundred FDA-approved drugs are sulfonamide-bearing small molecules. Screening libraries of aromatic and heteroaromatic sulfonamides gave rise to the discovery of multiple physiologically active compounds [27][28][29][30] including important pharmaceuticals, such as sulfamethoxazole and sulfasalazine (Figure 1a). In this context, combining sulfonamide and quinoline fragments promises to be a fruitful strategy to identify diverse types of therapeutically relevant compounds.…”