Sulfonated CMK-3: an effective catalyst for the glucose conversion to butyl levulinate as the fuel additive

Babaei, Zahra; Esmaeilabad, Roxane Yazdanpanah; Orash, Nazanin; Chermahini, Alireza Najafi

doi:10.1007/s13399-020-01072-7

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, SMWP was reused seven times without a distinct loss of catalytic activity (Entry 19, Table S1). Babaei et al 90 prepared sulfonated carbon catalyst CMK-3 to catalyze the conversion of glucose in n-butanol; EL was produced with yields of 70.4% after a 5-h reaction time (Entry 22, Table S1). Zhang et al 91 prepared a series of metal salt modified carbon catalysts (AC-Fe-SO 3 H) to catalyze the conversion of glucose in ethanol, and a 19.1% yield of EL was obtained at 200 °C after a 3-h reaction time (Entry 23, Table S1).…”

Section: Preparation Of Levulinate Esters From Biomass With a Heterog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review on the Synthesis of Levulinate Esters from Biomass-Based Feedstocks and Their Application

Shan

Wang

Hao

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As one of the substitutes for traditional fossil energy, the biomass resource has attracted extensive attention. Levulinate esters (LEs) are important green and high value-added chemical molecules. Catalytic routes based on acid catalysts are developed for the production of levulinate esters from various biomass-derived materials. In this review, the catalytic route for preparation of levulinate esters from C5/C6 carbohydrates is summarized. The effects of homogeneous and heterogeneous acid systems on the levulinate ester yields and the catalyst recyclability were expounded. The effect of reaction solvents and heating methods on LE selectivity was presented. Given the apparent differences in the synthesis of LEs with different heating methods in current publications, current challenges and prospects for the synthesis of LEs from biomass-derived compounds are provided. The lab-scale catalytic synthesis of levulinate esters from a biomass process has been developed. This review will facilitate and inspire future research on LE synthesis from biomass.

show abstract

Section: Preparation Of Levulinate Esters From Biomass With a Heterog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review on the Synthesis of Levulinate Esters from Biomass-Based Feedstocks and Their Application

Shan

Wang

Hao

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has been proposed that base-mediated enhanced proton transfer through a water bridge causes stabilization of the transition state in the H 2 heterolysis rate-determining reaction step. Ghorbanpour et al showed that in the reaction of decomposition of formic acid, more hydrogen gas is released when sodium formate is used. , Alkyl levulinates (ALs) are biomass-based chemicals with many applications in various fields and can replace chemicals produced from petrochemical pathways. − Among the uses of ALs, one can mention their role as a solvent, additive, and precursor in producing gamma-valerolactone (GVL). Ethyl levulinate (EL) is an ester with a fruity odor and can be prepared from levulinic acid (LA) or the reaction between furfuryl alcohol and ethanol. − Considering the existence of various sources for EL production, it can be pointed out that this combination is a suitable option for biofuel additives .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogenation of Ethyl Levulinate to Gamma-Valerolactone with Formic Acid and a Palladium–Manganese Catalyst Immobilized on Dendritic Fibrous Nanosilica (DFNS)

Khabazi,

Najafi Chermahini,

Luque

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gamma-valerolactone (GVL) is a useful chemical with various applications obtained from the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. The present study aims to explore the synthesis of GVL through the hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate (EL) using a palladium−manganese bimetallic catalyst immobilized on a dendritic fibrous nanosilica (Pd x% −Mn y% /DFNS). The key strategy in this reaction involves utilizing the formic acid (FA) decomposition reaction to generate indirect hydrogen and catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) process to convert EL to GVL, a safe and environmentally friendly method. As an economical and available source, EL has less acidity than LA and is more easily separated from the reaction medium. Also, FA (as a byproduct in various processes) can be used as a liquid medium to store hydrogen gas (without the risk of explosion). It can be a potential solution for long-term energy storage by considering the necessary infrastructure. This research showed that the catalytic activity of Pd has developed in the presence of Mn and DFNS and can be affordable. In this reaction, various parameters were investigated. Under the best conditions (1 mL of ethyl levulinate, 3 mL of formic acid, 3 mL of deionized water, 2 g of sodium formate, 50 mg of Pd 6% −Mn 3% /DFNS catalyst, and 8 h), the yields obtained for GVL are 70 and 99.5% at 180 and 230 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the yield of GVL under the same conditions (without formic acid and sodium formate) using direct molecular hydrogen (2 MPa) at 180 °C was 76%. Also, various methods were used to characterize the catalysts, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, Brunauer−Emmett−Teller, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and elemental mapping.

show abstract

“…[3] Glucose is the basic building unit of cellulose, catalytic conversion of glucose under acidic conditions can produce many high value-added chemicals and biofuels, such as levulinic acid (LA) and levulinic acid esters. [4] As a biomass-derived intermediate platform chemical, methyl levulinate (ML) can be widely used in fuel additives, medicine, organic solvents, fragrances, coatings, adhesives, plasticizers and many other fields with its unique physical and chemical properties. [5] According to different synthesis principles and routes, the synthesis methods of methyl levulinate can be roughly divided into four types: levulinic acid esterification, alcoholysis of furfural, 5-Chloromethylfurfural alcoholysis and direct alcoholysis of biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cellulose is the most widely distributed and abundant polysaccharides in biomass, accounting for more than 50 % of the carbon content in the plant kingdom [3] . Glucose is the basic building unit of cellulose, catalytic conversion of glucose under acidic conditions can produce many high value‐added chemicals and biofuels, such as levulinic acid (LA) and levulinic acid esters [4] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directional Catalytic Conversion of Biomass Carbohydrates into High Added‐value Levulinates with Bifunctionalized Metal‐supported Carbon‐based Catalyst

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carbon solid acid catalysts play a very important role in the high value-added utilization of biomass and its derivatives. A series of carbon-based solid acids catalysts were prepared by high-temperature carbonization, hydrothermal sulfonation and metal impregnation using cellulose as the carbon source. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, Raman, SEM-EDX, BET, FT-IR, XPS, ICP-OES and the total acid density of the catalyst was tested by acid-base titration. The experimental and characterization results showed that the large pore size, suitable specific surface area and acid density were the main reasons for the good catalytic performance of the catalyst 300-AC-Cr-SO 3 H. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the conversion of glucose was 99.6 % and the yield of the products methyl levulinate and levulinic acid was 43.1 %. The study of the intermediates revealed that glucose is preferentially converted to methyl glucoside in methanol solution. In addition, the catalyst maintains good stability after three cycles.

show abstract

Sulfonated CMK-3: an effective catalyst for the glucose conversion to butyl levulinate as the fuel additive

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Critical Review on the Synthesis of Levulinate Esters from Biomass-Based Feedstocks and Their Application

Critical Review on the Synthesis of Levulinate Esters from Biomass-Based Feedstocks and Their Application

Hydrogenation of Ethyl Levulinate to Gamma-Valerolactone with Formic Acid and a Palladium–Manganese Catalyst Immobilized on Dendritic Fibrous Nanosilica (DFNS)

Directional Catalytic Conversion of Biomass Carbohydrates into High Added‐value Levulinates with Bifunctionalized Metal‐supported Carbon‐based Catalyst

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About