Sulfonated derivatives of polyparaphenylene as proton conducting membranes for direct methanol fuel cell application

Ninivin, Céline Le; Balland-Longeau, A.; Demattei, D.; Coutanceau, Christophe; Lamy, C.; Léger, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.1007/s10800-004-1708-y

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The structure of MEAs can dramatically vary during the hot pressing process due to relatively led to improve the DMFC performance by a factor 3 [99]. Moreover, the determination of the optimal ionomer content in the electrodes is also an important factor for improving the fuel cell performance.…”

Section: Ii4 Optimization Of the Membrane-electrode Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do not forget the electrochemical characteristics of the membrane electrode assembly when designing a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell stack

Lamy

Jones

Coutanceau

et al. 2011

Electrochimica Acta

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International audienceThe membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the key component of a PEMFC stack. Conventional MEAs are composed of catalyzed electrodes loaded with 0.1-0.4 mgPt cm−2 pressed against a Nafion® membrane, leading to cell performance close to 0.8 W cm−2 at 0.6 V. Due to their limited stability at high temperatures, the cost of platinum catalysts and that of proton exchange membranes, the recycling problems and material availability, the MEA components do not match the requirements for large scale development of PEMCFs at a low cost, particularly for automotive applications. Novel approaches to medium and high temperature membranes are described in this work, and a composite polybenzimidazole-poly(vinylphosphonic) acid membrane, stable up to 190 ◦C, led to a power density of 0.5 W cm−2 at 160 ◦C under 3 bar abs with hydrogen and air. Concerning the preparation of efficient electrocatalysts supported on a Vulcan XC72 carbon powder, the Bönnemann colloidal method and above all plasma sputtering allowed preparing bimetallic platinum-based electrocatalysts with a low Pt loading. In the case of plasma deposition of Pt nanoclusters, Pt loadings as low as 10 g cm−2 were achieved, leading to a very high mass power density of ca. 20 kW g−1 Pt . Finally characterization of the MEA electrical properties by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) based on a theoretical model of mass and charge transport inside the active and gas diffusion layers, together with the optimization of the operating parameters (cell temperature, humidity, flow rate and pressure) allowed obtaining electrical performance greater than 1.2 W cm−2 using an homemade MEA with a rather low Pt loading

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Section: Ii4 Optimization Of the Membrane-electrode Assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

Do not forget the electrochemical characteristics of the membrane electrode assembly when designing a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell stack

Lamy

Jones

Coutanceau

et al. 2011

Electrochimica Acta

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“…Transition metal macrocycles display lower activity than Pt catalyst towards the ORR. To avoid this problem, one strategy is the development of novel membranes or Nafion modified membranes, which are less permeable to methanol [168][169][170][171]. Now, the solid polymer electrolyte used in a DMFC (particularly Nafion membranes) is not totally tight to methanol [49].…”

Section: Fuel Cell Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methanol‐Tolerant Cathode Catalysts for DMFC

Lamy

Coutanceau

Alonso‐Vante

2009

Electrocatalysis of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

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In this chapter, we will summarize the kinetic behavior of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), mainly on platinum electrodes since this metal is the most active electrocatalyst for the ORR in an acidic medium. The discussion will, however, be restricted to the characteristics of this reaction in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) because the possible presence in the cathode compartment of methanol, which can crossover the proton exchange membrane and react with oxygen. IntroductionThe oxygen electrode has been the subject of many extensive investigations over the past century. The pronounced irreversibility of the cathodic and anodic reactions in aqueous solutions has imposed severe limitations on the information that can be obtained concerning the pathways from electrochemical kinetic studies. In most instances at current densities practical for fuel cell applications, the current-voltage data are not sensitive to the back reaction and hence yield information only up to the rate-determining step (r.d.s.), which usually occurs early in a multiple-step reaction sequence. Further the reduction and oxidation processes are usually studied only at widely separated potentials and thus the surface conditions differ sufficiently, so that the reduction and oxidation pathways are probably not complementary. The situation is still more complicated by the large number of possible pathways and intermediate states for the O 2 electrode reactions.The surface states of the anodic films play a key role in the reaction mechanisms. They usually depend strongly on potential and also on the time history of the electrode. Thus complex kinetic behavior of the ORR at a Pt electrode has been observed as a function of potential.

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“…Much of the research on polyarylenes has been performed on poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (PES) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], poly (arylene ether ketone)s (PAEKs) [9][10][11], and other polyphenylene copolymers [12][13][14]. Various polymer types such as polyarylenes, polyimides, polyphosphazenes, radiation grafted polystyrenes, polystyrene block copolymers and polyvinyl alcohols (PVA)s have been developed over the last 10 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much of the research on polyarylenes has been performed on poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (PES) [1-8], poly (arylene ether ketone)s (PAEKs) [9][10][11], and other polyphenylene copolymers [12][13][14]. It is increasingly recognized that portable direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC)s will likely be the first fuel cells commercially available to the general public; there has been a recent increase in the number of pre-commercial portable devices powered by DMFCs that have been demonstrated in the press and at conferences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%