Sulfonated graphene oxide as an inorganic filler in promoting the properties of a polybenzimidazole membrane as a high temperature proton exchange membrane

Yusoff, Yusra Nadzirah; Loh, Kee Shyuan; Wong, Wai Yin; Daud, Wan Ramli Wan; Lee, Tian Khoon

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.07.026

Cited by 65 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…A little amount of water in the cell maintained the relative humidity at 100%. The proton conductivity was measured from room temperature, 25 °C to 100 °C, and the samples were kept at each temperature for 15 min for the membrane to reach an equilibrium temperature [ 36 , 37 ]. The proton conductivity was determined from a Nyquist plot to obtain the bulk resistance of the membrane through the intersection of the high-frequency intercept with the real axis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Composite Membrane of Phosphorylated Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Silica as a Proton Exchange Membrane

et al. 2021

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Chitosan is one of the natural biopolymers that has been studied as an alternative material to replace Nafion membranes as proton change membranes. Nevertheless, unmodified chitosan membranes have limitations including low proton conductivity and mechanical stability. The aim of this work is to study the effect of modifying chitosan through polymer blending with different compositions and the addition of inorganic filler on the microstructure and physical properties of N-methylene phosphonic chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) (NMPC/PVA) composite membranes. In this work, the NMPC biopolymer and PVA polymer are used as host polymers to produce NMPC/PVA composite membranes with different compositions (30–70% NMPC content). Increasing NMPC content in the membranes increases their proton conductivity, and as NMPC/PVA-50 composite membrane demonstrates the highest conductivity (8.76 × 10−5 S cm−1 at room temperature), it is chosen to be the base membrane for modification by adding hygroscopic silicon dioxide (SiO2) filler into its membrane matrix. The loading of SiO2 filler is varied (0.5–10 wt.%) to study the influence of filler concentration on temperature-dependent proton conductivity of membranes. NMPC/PVA-SiO2 (4 wt.%) exhibits the highest proton conductivity of 5.08 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 100 °C. In conclusion, the study shows that chitosan can be modified to produce proton exchange membranes that demonstrate enhanced properties and performance with the addition of PVA and SiO2.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Composite Membrane of Phosphorylated Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Silica as a Proton Exchange Membrane

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, GO has been modified with a wide variety of groups in order to improve the membrane properties. In this regard, sulfonated GO afforded proton conductivity around 0.07 S/cm at 160 °C under dry conditions [ 101 , 102 ]. On the other hand, the proton conductivity of PBI membranes has been enhanced using CNTs [ 103 ] and MWCNTs [ 104 , 105 ], reaching values up to was 0.08 S/cm ( Figure 6 ).…”

Section: Development Of Proton Exchange Membranes (Pem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

Tellez-Cruz¹,

et al. 2021

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The study of the electrochemical catalyst conversion of renewable electricity and carbon oxides into chemical fuels attracts a great deal of attention by different researchers. The main role of this process is in mitigating the worldwide energy crisis through a closed technological carbon cycle, where chemical fuels, such as hydrogen, are stored and reconverted to electricity via electrochemical reaction processes in fuel cells. The scientific community focuses its efforts on the development of high-performance polymeric membranes together with nanomaterials with high catalytic activity and stability in order to reduce the platinum group metal applied as a cathode to build stacks of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to work at low and moderate temperatures. The design of new conductive membranes and nanoparticles (NPs) whose morphology directly affects their catalytic properties is of utmost importance. Nanoparticle morphologies, like cubes, octahedrons, icosahedrons, bipyramids, plates, and polyhedrons, among others, are widely studied for catalysis applications. The recent progress around the high catalytic activity has focused on the stabilizing agents and their potential impact on nanomaterial synthesis to induce changes in the morphology of NPs.

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“…To date, electrical energy is the most used energy, and demands for this energy are rising with population growth. Approximately 86.4% of electrical energy is from fossil fuels, such as oil (36%), natural gas (23%) and coal (27.4%), with the remaining 14.6% generated from renewable sources [1][2][3][4]. Thus, the concept of fuel cells has emerged as an innovative energy conversion device that is considered a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy conversion procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid in Phosphoric Acid-Doped Polybenzimidazole (PA-PBI) as Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells: A Review

2021

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Increasing world energy demand and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels has initiated explorations for sustainable and green energy sources. High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are viewed as promising materials in fuel cell technology due to several advantages, namely improved kinetic of both electrodes, higher tolerance for carbon monoxide (CO) and low crossover and wastage. Recent technology developments showed phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PA-PBI) membranes most suitable for the production of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, drawbacks caused by leaching and condensation on the phosphate groups hindered the application of the PA-PBI membranes. By phosphate anion adsorption on Pt catalyst layers, a higher volume of liquid phosphoric acid on the electrolyte–electrode interface and within the electrodes inhibits or even stops gas movement and impedes electron reactions as the phosphoric acid level grows. Therefore, doping techniques have been extensively explored, and recently ionic liquids (ILs) were introduced as new doping materials to prepare the PA-PBI membranes. Hence, this paper provides a review on the use of ionic liquid material in PA-PBI membranes for HT-PEMFC applications. The effect of the ionic liquid preparation technique on PA-PBI membranes will be highlighted and discussed on the basis of its characterization and performance in HT-PEMFC applications.

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Sulfonated graphene oxide as an inorganic filler in promoting the properties of a polybenzimidazole membrane as a high temperature proton exchange membrane

Cited by 65 publications

References 63 publications

Hybrid Composite Membrane of Phosphorylated Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Silica as a Proton Exchange Membrane

Hybrid Composite Membrane of Phosphorylated Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Silica as a Proton Exchange Membrane

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs): Advances and Challenges

Ionic Liquid in Phosphoric Acid-Doped Polybenzimidazole (PA-PBI) as Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells: A Review

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