Sulfonated polyoxadiazole composites containing carbon nanotubes prepared via in situ polymerization

Gomes, Dominique; Loos, Marcio R.; Wichmann, Malte H.G.; Vega, A. de la; Schulte, Karl

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.10.008

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…[18] Elemental analysis data for the sulfonated POD homopolymers shown in Table 1 are in agreement with the value range for the sulfonated PODs. The POD sulfonation level (S/C) has been shown to be dependent on the reaction time, [51] reaching the value range 0.085-0.0998 (44-51%) for the synthesis performed in 4 h. In this work, the sulfonation level has been changed for all the used contents of CB (Table 1).…”

Section: Synthesis Of Pod/cb Compositessupporting

confidence: 70%

A Highly Efficient One‐Pot Method for the Synthesis of Carbon Black/Poly(4,4′‐Diphenylether‐1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles) Composites

Loos

Abetz

Schulte

2011

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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A series of polyoxadiazoles (PODs) based composites containing carbon black (CB) are prepared through a fast polycondensation reaction of hydrazine sulfate and dicarboxylic acid monomers using poly(phosphoric acid) (PPA) as reaction medium. In order to achieve a homogeneous dispersion of CB, a predispersion step is applied to the CB prior to the synthesis. The moderate acidic nature and high viscosity of the PPA medium promote the oxidation of the CB and suppress reaggregation after dispersion. The carboxylic groups generated on the surface of the CB effectively anchored the growing of POD chains, improving the interfacial interaction between the CB and the surrounding matrix. An increase of 22% in storage modulus at 100 °C is observed. The tensile strength increases up to 48% with the CB addition and the elongation at break increases up to 118% at a low concentration of CB (0.5 wt.‐%). The resultant CB/POD composites, which can be cast as dense films, are soluble in several polar aprotic solvents and their POD matrix have molecular weights in the range of 105 g · mol−1. The high‐performance, high‐temperature light‐weight materials obtained are thermally stable at temperatures as high as 450 °C. magnified image

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Section: Synthesis Of Pod/cb Compositessupporting

confidence: 70%

A Highly Efficient One‐Pot Method for the Synthesis of Carbon Black/Poly(4,4′‐Diphenylether‐1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles) Composites

Loos

Abetz

Schulte

2011

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…The presence of numerous CNT agglomerates can result in rather poor mechanical and electrical properties, thus uniform dispersion of CNTs is a significant pre-requisite for success in fabricating polymer/CNT nanocomposites with desirable properties [8]. In general, there are three main approaches to preparing polymer/CNT nanocomposites: in situ polymerization [9], solution mixing [10] and melt mixing [11], in which melt mixing is a simpler and more effective method, particularly from an industrial perspective [12]. In recent years, many studies on the melt mixing of CNTs into polymers have been carried out which indicate that the mixing effectiveness and the dispersion of CNTs depend on many factors including the affinity between CNTs and polymer [13], polymer viscosity [14], CNTs concentration [15], residence time [15], screw speed [15] [16] and screw configuration [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of processing conditions on the structure, electrical and mechanical properties of melt mixed high density polyethylene/multi-walled CNT composites in compression molding

Xiang¹,

Guo²,

Kumar

et al. 2017

Materials Testing

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(2017). Effect of processing conditions on the structure, electrical and mechanical properties of melt mixed high density polyethylene/multi-walled CNT composites in compression molding. Materials Testing, 59 (2) Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK Abstract: Melt mixed high density polyethylene (HDPE)/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanocomposites were prepared via twin-screw extrusion and then compression moulded into sheets. The effect of heating temperature, pressing time and cooling rate on the structure, electrical and mechanical properties of the compression moulded nanocomposites was systematically investigated. Volume resistivity tests indicate that the nanocomposite with 2 wt% MWCNTs, which is in the region of the electrical percolation threshold, is very sensitive to the compression moulding parameters such that heating temperature > pressing time > cooling rate. Generally, the resistivity of nanocomposites decreases with increasing heating temperature and pressing time. Interestingly, the electrical resistivity of the rapidly cooled nanocomposite with 2 wt% MWCNTs is 1~2 orders lower than that of the slowly cooled nanocomposite with the same MWCNT loading. This can be attributed to the lower crystallinity and smaller crystallites facilitating the formation of conductive pathways. The tensile properties of the nanocomposite with 2 wt% MWCNTs are also influenced by the compression moulding parameters to some extent, while those of the nanocomposites with higher MWCNT loading are insensitive to the changes in processing conditions. The predicted moduli from Halpin-Tsai and Mori-Tanaka theoretical models show good agreement with the experimental results. This work has important implications for both process control and the tailoring of electrical and mechanical properties in the commercial manufacture of conductive HDPE/MWCNT nanocomposites.

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“…[18][19][20] Single step reactions like the in-situ polymerization in the presence of carbon nanofillers or the "grafting to" of functionalized polymers at the carbon nanofillers are the easiest alternatives for the preparation of nanocomposites, however, the control of the extent of functionalization of the nanofillers [21] and their dispersion in the polymer matrix are arduous. [22][23][24] Therefore, the development of simple methods for the controlled functionalization of carbon nanofillers and the posterior compounding with polymer using conventional mixing methods (e.g. extrusion, injection molding and thermoforming, etc.)…”

Section: Introduction Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of Carbon Materials using the Diels‐Alder Reaction

Munirasu

Albuerne

Boschetti‐de‐Fierro

et al. 2010

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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A simple and efficient Diels-Alder (DA) reaction on carbon material has been demonstrated.The present work involves single and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT), as well as Herringbone carbon nanofiber. The CNTs show a dual nature of reactivity in DA reaction, i.e. they behave both as dienophile and diene with furfuryl groups and maleic anhydride derivatives, respectively. Various functional groups, including alcohol, amine, epoxy, carboxylic and ester have been introduced on the carbon materials. The results suggest that the reactivity of CNT in DA reaction may resemble the chemistry of small molecules.

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Sulfonated polyoxadiazole composites containing carbon nanotubes prepared via in situ polymerization

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

A Highly Efficient One‐Pot Method for the Synthesis of Carbon Black/Poly(4,4′‐Diphenylether‐1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles) Composites

A Highly Efficient One‐Pot Method for the Synthesis of Carbon Black/Poly(4,4′‐Diphenylether‐1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles) Composites

Effect of processing conditions on the structure, electrical and mechanical properties of melt mixed high density polyethylene/multi-walled CNT composites in compression molding

Functionalization of Carbon Materials using the Diels‐Alder Reaction

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