Sulfonated polypropylene ionomers

Dassaud, J. P.; Gallot, Bernard; Guyot, Alain; Spitz, R.; Beautemps, J.; Williams, C. E.; Bourgaux, C.; Eisenberg, Adi

doi:10.1002/pat.1994.220050201

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…We next investigated the effect of ionic association (physical cross-linking) toward the mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene. As discussed, due to the chemistry difficulties in the previous reported iPP ionomers, − the anticipated increase of mechanical properties has been compensated by the loss of iPP crystallinity and molecular weight. Figure compares several strain–stress curves of a set of iPP and iPP-NH 3 + Cl – ionomers with 1, 2, and 3 mol % NH 3 + Cl – groups at 25 and 85 °C, respectively, and the inserted table summarizes their tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break (%) at 25, 85, and 145 °C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting iPP ionomers contain just a few ions per polymer chain and exhibit a very broad molecular weight distribution. Spitz et al 28 used another strategy to prepare the sulfonated iPP ionomers, which involved the copolymerization of propylene/7-methyl-1,6-octadiene using a MgCl 2 -supported Ziegler−Natta catalyst, followed by sulfonation of the internal double bonds in the poly(propylene-co-7-methyl-1,6-octadiene) copolymers. As expected in the heterogeneous Ziegler−Natta catalyst-mediated copolymerization and low sulfonation yield, the copolymers are complicated with broad composition and molecular weight distributions.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Characterization of Well-Controlled Isotactic Polypropylene Ionomers Containing Ammonium Ion Groups

et al. 2014

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This paper discusses the synthesis of a new family of well-controlled isotactic polypropylene ionomers (iPP-NH 3 + Cl − ) containing up to 5 mol % of NH 3 + Cl − ionic groups, with high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight and composition distributions, as well as good processability in melt and solution. A systematic study was conducted using various isospecific Ziegler−Natta and metallocene catalysts in the copolymerization of propylene and a high α-olefin comonomer containing a silane-protected amino group and the subsequent work-up procedures that can prevent undesirable side reactions in forming iPP-NH 3 + Cl − ionomers in a one-pot process. The resulting copolymers were carefully monitored by polymer solubility and a combination of NMR, GPC-triple detectors, DSC, and mechanical property measurements. Evidently, the most suitable reaction process requires a combination of the rac-Me 2 Si[2-Me-4-Ph(Ind)] 2 ZrCl 2 metallocene catalyst system with a purified d-MAO (TMA-free), 6bis(trimethylsilyl)amino-1-hexene comonomer during the copolymerization reaction and a work-up procedure to directly interconvert the silane-protected amino groups (−N(SiMe 3 ) 2 ) into −NH 3 + Cl − ionic groups before exposing to air. The attempt of isolating both iPP-N(SiMe 3 ) 2 and iPP-NH 2 intermediates resulted in the insoluble (cross-linked) products. On the other hand, the resulting iPP-NH 3 + Cl − ionomers were melt processed in air and showed a systematic increase of mechanical properties and high-temperature stability with the increase of NH 3 + Cl − content.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Well-Controlled Isotactic Polypropylene Ionomers Containing Ammonium Ion Groups

et al. 2014

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“…Next, it is known that in ionomers, ions tend to aggregate, and the formed clusters often behave as physical cross-links. ,, This means that compared with copolymer PB-IUD, ionomers have some additional intermolecular and intramolecular links. The formation of extra links by ionic groups is confirmed by the increased viscosity of ionomers with respect to PB-IUD (Figure S6).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual II–I Phase Transition Behavior of Polybutene-1 Ionomers in the Presence of Long-Chain Branch and Ionic Functional Groups

Lou

et al. 2019

Macromolecules

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The mutual effects of long-chain branch and ionic functional groups on polybutene-1 (PB-1) phase transition from tetragonal form II into hexagonal form I of polybutene-1 were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and various thermal protocols. The novel butene-1/11-iodo-1-undecene (PB-IUD) copolymer was synthesized to incorporate the long-chain branches, and its iodine groups were reacted as the active sites to introduce ionic functional groups with BF 4 − , Tf 2 N − , and PF 6 − counterions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to introduce physical ionic bonding into polybutene-1 (PB-1) ionomers and explore the affected phase transition. The results show that compared with the linear homopolymer, the long-chain branch largely retards the II−I phase transition of the PB-IUD copolymer. Unexpectedly, after introducing the ionic functional groups, ionomers have significantly accelerated transition with respect to reference PB-IUD, although they have exactly the same branching densities. This II−I phase transition of the ionomer can even happen at the crystallization temperature, where there is actually no cooling step to provide internal thermal stress. This indicates that additional crystallization-associated internal stress may be generated in ionomers for triggering form I nucleation. Moreover, the correlations of transition kinetics with annealing and crystallization temperatures were explored in depth. Ionomer phase transition can happen in a broad temperature range, which covers from the glass-transition temperature to high temperatures close to the melting region. Utilizing a stepwise annealing protocol, it was found that this broad transition temperature window originates from the persistent nucleation ability at elevated temperatures. On the other hand, ionomer transition kinetics increases with decreasing crystallization temperature, which, however, is opposite to that of the homopolymer. Based on this, a continuous cooling protocol was proposed and verified capable of endowing the branched ionomers with transition faster than the homopolymer.

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“…The epoxydized polymers show improved adhesive properties on metal, as compared with radical grafted polymers [43]. The sulfonation reaction [44] allows the preparation of typical ionomers with a quantitative control of the functionalization, although, because of the large decrease in crystallinity of the parent copolymers, the thermomechanical properties of these ionomers are not improved as compared with the propylene homopolymers. The hydrosilylation does not work with PP-MOD, owing to the twofold substitution of the double bond.…”

Section: Functionalization Through -Copolymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and Indirect Functionalization of Polypropylene

Guyot

1996

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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Polypropylene is the polymer with the fastest‐growing usage rate, owing to its low price combined with properties that have been improved over recent years. However, because it does not carry any functional groups, it has little interaction with useful components of many systems, and it is difficult to paint. Recently, a certain number of attempts have been made to modify this polymer, either through direct copolymerization with reactive monomers, or after chemical modification of the polymer itself or some of its copolymers. The paper is a review of these different approaches, with emphasis on two points: (a) the new possibilities offered by the metallocene family of catalysts and (b), the work carried out in the author's laboratory, based on various functionalizations of copolymers of propylene and dienes.

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Sulfonated polypropylene ionomers

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Synthesis and Characterization of Well-Controlled Isotactic Polypropylene Ionomers Containing Ammonium Ion Groups

Synthesis and Characterization of Well-Controlled Isotactic Polypropylene Ionomers Containing Ammonium Ion Groups

Unusual II–I Phase Transition Behavior of Polybutene-1 Ionomers in the Presence of Long-Chain Branch and Ionic Functional Groups

Direct and Indirect Functionalization of Polypropylene

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