Sulfonated polythiophene and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) derivatives with cations exchange properties

Tran‐Van, François; Carrier, M.; Chevrot, C.

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2003.09.013

Cited by 60 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…In the literature review 2,3 some studies can be found using polymer nanocomposites based on others polymer matrices such as epoxy resin, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene and polyurethane 3 . In this way, conducting polymers has been applied, for instance, for corrosion protection 4 , organic electroluminescent diodes 5 , electrical devices 6,7 , smart windows 8 and ion-exchange membranes 9,10 . Polyaniline (PAni) is the conducting polymer most widely used in blends with conventional polymers due to its good environmental stability, easy obtaining and low cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Castor oil and commercial thermoplastic polyurethane membranes modified with polyaniline: a comparative study

et al. 2013

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The study of conducting polymeric membranes is decisive in some areas, as in fuel cells and electrodialysis. This work aims the study of membranes using conventional and conductive polymers blends. Two types of polyurethane were used as conventional polymers, commercial thermoplastic polyurethane and polyurethane synthesized from castor oil and 4-4-dicyclohexylmethane isocyanate. Two kinds of conducting polymers were used, polyaniline doped with organic acid and a self doped polyaniline. The polymers and the membranes were characterized by electrical conductivity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesis of the membranes produced was proper, featuring a complete reaction, analyzed by FTIR. The membranes also showed good mechanical properties and thermal stability (≈ 220 °C). Among the membranes studied, the polyaniline doped with p-toluenesulphonic acid obtained higher thermal and viscoelastic properties. Thus they can be used in separation techniques using membranes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Castor oil and commercial thermoplastic polyurethane membranes modified with polyaniline: a comparative study

et al. 2013

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“…With reference to the literature, PTEBS exhibits an absorption maximum at approximately 480 nm owing to the p-p* transition in the conjugated main chain. [40] However, this absorption peak only appeared as a shoulder when the number of bilayers was small. When the multilayer became thicker, the spectrum was dominated by the MLCT transition of the rhenium [a] When present, the concentration of NaOTf was kept at 10 mm.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…The absorption spectrum of PTEBS solution is pH-dependent such that the absorption peak maximum shifted to a longer wavelength when the pH value was decreased. [40] Multilayer thin films were fabricated from PTEBS solutions with different pH values. Thicker films were obtained when the multilayers were deposited at pH 6 compared to those obtained at pH 4.5 (Table 1, entries 1 and 3).…”

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confidence: 99%

Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition of Rhenium‐Containing Hyperbranched Polymers and Fabrication of Photovoltaic Cells

Tse

Man

Cheng

et al. 2006

Chemistry A European J

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Multilayer thin films were prepared by the layer‐by‐layer (LBL) deposition method using a rhenium‐containing hyperbranched polymer and poly[2‐(3‐thienyl)ethoxy‐4‐butylsulfonate] (PTEBS). The radii of gyration of the hyperbranched polymer in solutions with different salt concentrations were measured by laser light scattering. A significant decrease in molecular size was observed when sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate was used as the electrolyte. The conditions of preparing the multilayer thin films by LBL deposition were studied. The growth of the multilayer films was monitored by absorption spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry, and the surface morphologies of the resulting films were studied by atomic force microscopy. When the pH of a PTEBS solution was kept at 6 and in the presence of salt, polymer films with maximum thickness were obtained. The multilayer films were also fabricated into photovoltaic cells and their photocurrent responses were measured upon irradiation with simulated air mass (AM) 1.5 solar light. The open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, fill factor, and power conversion efficiency of the devices were 1.2 V, 27.1 μ A cm−2, 0.19, and 6.1×10−3 %, respectively. The high open‐circuit voltage was attributed to the difference in the HOMO level of the PTEBS donor and the LUMO level of the hyperbranched polymer acceptor. A plot of incident photon‐to‐electron conversion efficiency versus wavelength also suggests that the PTEBS/hyperbranched polymer junction is involved in the photosensitization process, in which a maximum was observed at approximately 420 nm. The relatively high capacitance, determined from the measured photocurrent rise and decay profiles, can be attributed to the presence of large counter anions in the polymer film.

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“…The absorption spectra of PTEBS can be modified by changing the pH of the solution. 6 When the polymer is dissolved in water, absorption is confined to the region below 600 nm having a maximum at 435 nm which corresponds to the -* electronic transition. Upon reducing the pH an additional peak appears at 773 nm and the solution changes from orange to dark green.…”

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Water-soluble multiwall-carbon-nanotube-polythiophene composite for bilayer photovoltaics

Miller

Hatton

Silva

2006

Applied Physics Letters

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A water-soluble acid oxidized multiwall carbon nanotube ͑o-MWCNTs͒-polythiophene composite for bilayer photovoltaics is reported. Discrete heterojunction photovoltaic cells utilizing this nanocomposite material as the donor layer exhibit a ϳ20% increase in fill factor and commensurate increase in power conversion efficiency as compared to cells without o-MWCNTs. Crucially o-MWCNTs are incorporated into the cell structure using an environmentally compatible solvent without complicating the process of device fabrication. © 2006 American Institute of Physics. ͓DOI: 10.1063/1.2356115͔In recent years a great deal of research effort has focused on the development of organic and hybrid organic/inorganic photovoltaics. 1 The principal motivation is to produce a low cost, renewable energy source which will help to solve the world's looming energy crisis. Progress towards achieving the power conversion efficiencies required for commercial viability has been rapid. 1 However, today's most efficient devices-which are invariably processed from solutionrequire the use of environmentally damaging solvents in the fabrication process. 2,3 In this letter we report a nanocomposite comprising a homogeneous blend of acid oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes ͑o-MWCNTs͒ and the water-soluble polythiophene, sodium poly͓2-͑3-thienyl͒-ethoxy-4-butylsulfonate͔ ͑PTEBS͒. The utility of this material as the donor layer in discrete heterojunction photovoltaic cells employing a C 60 acceptor is also reported. In this context, o-MWCNTs facilitate the extraction of positive charge carriers, reducing cell series resistance and increasing cell fill factor, resulting in a significant increase in power conversion efficiency as compared to cells without o-MWCNTs. Importantly, water is used as the solvent to process the nanocomposite which greatly increases the environmental compatibility of the fabrication process. Furthermore, o-MWCNTs are integrated into the cell structure without complicating the process of cell fabrication.Water-soluble thiophene was purchased from American Dye Source Inc. 4 Multiwall carbon nanotubes ͑Ͼ90% nanotube purity͒ grown by chemical vapor deposition were obtained commercially ͑Nanocyl͒ and used as received. Stable dispersions of o-MWCNTs in deionized water were prepared by ultrasonically dispersing carbon nanotubes in a 3:1 mixture of concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids and refluxing at 130°C for 60 min before diluting with HPLC grade deionized water. The resulting dispersion was centrifuged and the acid supernatant decanted off. The remaining solid was repeatedly washed with HPLC grade water over a 50 nm polycarbonate filter until the washings were pH 6-7. To determine the o-MWCNTs loading, a known volume of the stock solution was completely dried and weighed. The typical diameter and length of the o-MWCNTs after acid treatment were confirmed using transmission electron microscopy ͑TEM͒ to be 10 nm and several microns, respectively.All devices were fabricated on indium tin oxide ͑ITO͒ coated glass ͑Merck͒ with a nomin...

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Sulfonated polythiophene and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) derivatives with cations exchange properties

Cited by 60 publications

References 56 publications

Castor oil and commercial thermoplastic polyurethane membranes modified with polyaniline: a comparative study

Castor oil and commercial thermoplastic polyurethane membranes modified with polyaniline: a comparative study

Layer‐by‐Layer Deposition of Rhenium‐Containing Hyperbranched Polymers and Fabrication of Photovoltaic Cells

Water-soluble multiwall-carbon-nanotube-polythiophene composite for bilayer photovoltaics

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