Sulfonated porous biomass-derived carbon with superior recyclability for synthesizing ethyl levulinate biofuel

Zhang, Xiaoli; Li, Ning; Qin, Zao; Zheng, Xiu-Cheng

doi:10.1007/s11164-020-04265-x

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…22 The grafted sulfonic acid groups have no effect on the peak position of Sn 4+ , suggesting that the sulfonic acid group has a small effect on the tetracoordination mode of Sn 4+ . In addition, two peaks for the S 2p at 168.1 and 169.6 eV in KIT-6-Sn(20)-SO 3 H are ascribed to S 2p 3/2 and S 2p 1/2 in the −SO 3 H group, 33 respectively. This indicates that sulfonic acid groups are successfully grafted on the KIT-6-Sn(20).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Molecular Sieve as a Solid Acid Catalyst for Transformation of Agricultural Residues to Furfural

Wang,

Guo,

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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Catalytic transformation of agricultural residues to furfural is a potential source of income for those who have biomass residues to be disposed because furfural derivatives are platform molecules for the preparation of various chemicals, additives, and pharmaceutical precursors. In this work, a modified KIT-6 molecular sieve catalyst with dual acid sites of Lewis acid and Brønsted acid is prepared by grafting sulfonic acid groups on Sn 4+ -doped KIT-6. Characterizations are applied to reveal the generation of Lewis acid and Brønsted acid by the doped Sn 4+ and grafted sulfonic acid groups. The dual acid on the catalyst synergistically contributes to the satisfying catalytic transformation of xylose to furfural. In addition, the one-step and two-step transformations of agricultural residues to furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural were studied. The prepared catalyst shows satisfying stability, and the reason for the slight decline of the catalytic performance was revealed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Molecular Sieve as a Solid Acid Catalyst for Transformation of Agricultural Residues to Furfural

Wang,

Guo,

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.

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“…The heat treatment of carbon material from lignin is very important due to its natural fibrous structure which is unable to provide enough surface area as the solid acid catalyst. Besides, the development of porous structures also facilitates the strong anchoring of SO3H functional groups during catalyst modification [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Chemical Characterization of Lignin-Based Carbon as Acidic Catalyst

Hassan,

Zainol,

Ismail

et al. 2024

MSF

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Lignin, one of the interesting carbon sources which underutilized, gives great interest in transforming into value-added material, specifically as a solid acid catalyst. In this study, lignin undergoes heat treatment at temperatures 400–600 °C for 1 and 2 h, followed by sulfonation on a 1:10 (carbon-to-acid, g/mL) ratio in a reflux setup at 150 °C for 15 h to produce lignin carbon acid catalysts. The characterization of the catalysts was performed by the elemental analyzer, N2 adsorption-desorption, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and acid density calculation. The effects of lignin carbon preparations on the catalyst's physiochemical properties as well as the effectiveness of sulfonation were evaluated. The selected catalyst was tested in levulinic acid esterification at selected fixed conditions; 1:10 molar ratio of levulinic acid-to-ethanol, 10 wt.% of catalyst loading, for 3 h of reaction at 80 °C and 200 rpm in a batch reaction system. At higher heat treatment temperatures and time of carbon preparation, the surface area of the catalysts was recorded to increase resulting in the acid density reduction. For the catalytic activity, 62.36 mol% (Batch 1) and 61.64 mol% (Batch 2) of ethyl levulinate yield were obtained over LCS-400-1 with a good acid density of 0.0223 mmol/m2 and a surface area of 43.28 m2/g. The results of this study show that the conditions for carbon preparation significantly influence the catalyst's physical and chemical characteristics.

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“…3 Adding EL to diesel fuel can reduce particulate emissions and increase thermal conductivity; adding EL also improves heat transfer and reduces exhaust emissions. 4 As an example, Unlu et al 5 added 5, 10, 15 or 20 vol% EL to biodiesel and found that increasing the EL proportion lowered the biodiesel cloud point from 9 to −6 °C and decreased the pour point by 3 °C so that the biodiesel had better low-temperature fluidity. In addition, EL has applications as a flavoring and plasticizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, EL has applications as a flavoring and plasticizer. 3,4 EL can be synthesized using glucose, fructose, furfuryl alcohol, sucrose, cellulose, and other biomass derivatives as raw materials. Among them, cellulose ((C 6 H 10 O 5 ) n ) is a macromolecular polysaccharide composed of D-glucopyranose monomers linked by ⊎1,4-glycoside bonds, and is an ideal raw material for the synthesis of high valueadded chemical products, because it is inexpensive and has repeatable structural characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of ethyl levulinate from cellulose over a double acid site catalyst

Huang

Hao

2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: A novel double acid site solid catalyst (Al-OCS-0.1) having an ordered mesoporous structure was synthesized by grafting sulfonic acid groups on an oxidized ordered mesoporous carbon (OOMC) support and loading 10% Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .RESULT: Assessments using Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that the OMC structure remained unchanged after the chemical modification and Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 loading. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and average pore size of Al-OCS-0.1 decreased to 181 m 2 g −1 and 7.1 nm after loading Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , respectively. Ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH 3 -TPD) and Pyridine adsorption infrared spectroscopy (Py-IR) demonstrated that Al-OCS-0.1 had abundant Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. The ammonia desorption of Al-OCS-0.1 increased from 2.0 to 7.2 mmol g −1 after loading Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 .CONCLUSION: The Al-OCS-0.1 was used to catalyze the synthesis of ethyl levulinate from cellulose in ethanol and gave an extremely high yield of 50.8 mol% after 5 h at 200 °C.

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Sulfonated porous biomass-derived carbon with superior recyclability for synthesizing ethyl levulinate biofuel

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Molecular Sieve as a Solid Acid Catalyst for Transformation of Agricultural Residues to Furfural

Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized Molecular Sieve as a Solid Acid Catalyst for Transformation of Agricultural Residues to Furfural

Physical and Chemical Characterization of Lignin-Based Carbon as Acidic Catalyst

Synthesis of ethyl levulinate from cellulose over a double acid site catalyst

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