Sulfonated reduced graphene oxide as a conductive layer in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite membranes

Qiu, Xiang; Dong, Tiandu; Ueda, Mitsuru; Zhang, Xuan; Wang, Lianjun

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2016.11.064

Cited by 92 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The corresponding XRD patterns given in Figure showed a peak shift from 2θ = 11.9° for GO to 2θ = 26.3° for s‐GO, implying a slight decrement occurred in the interlayer distance, probably because of the partial restacking upon sulfonation . Then, the peak at 2θ = 8.8° in s‐GO spectra might correspond to a larger ionic radius of Na + ions, this agrees to the reported results .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Sulfonated graphene oxide‐doped proton conductive membranes based on polymer blends of highly sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and sulfonated polybenzimidazole

Gao

Chen

Xu³

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Simultaneously improving the proton conductivity and mechanical properties of a polymer electrolyte membrane is a considerable challenge in commercializing proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In response, we prepared a new series of miscible polymer blends and thus the corresponding crosslinked membranes based on highly sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and sulfonated polybenzimidazole. The blended membranes showed more compact structures, due to the acid-base interactions between the two constituents, and improved mechanical and morphological properties. Further efforts by doping sulfonated graphene oxide (s-GO) forming composite membranes led to not only significantly elevated proton conductivity and electrochemical performance, but also better mechanical properties. Notably, the composite membrane with the filler content of 15 wt % exhibited a proton conductivity of 0.217 S cm 21 at 80 8C, and its maximum power density tested by the H 2 /air single PEMFC cell at room temperature reached 171 mW cm 22 , almost two and half folds compared with that of the native membrane. As a result, these polymeric membranes provided new options as proton exchange membranes for fuel-cell applications.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Sulfonated graphene oxide‐doped proton conductive membranes based on polymer blends of highly sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and sulfonated polybenzimidazole

Gao

Chen

Xu³

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…However, a higher degree of sulfonation leads to membrane swelling and eventual dissolution. Graphene as a filler material in the polymer matrix has been investigated to achieve flexible and freestanding composite membranes . Work based on composite membranes of these multilayer graphene or reduced graphene oxide as IEMs will be summarized in this section with focus on their components, synthesis process and performance.…”

Section: D Materials For Ion Exchange Membranessupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The authors claimed that due to the S‐graphene integration, the membrane surface becomes coarser, modifying the hydrophilic domains for high absorption of water and thereby providing fast proton‐transport across membrane with higher mechanical strength (Figure d). Qiu et al also investigated sulfonated reduced SRGO as a filler for the SPEEK based electrolyte for hydrogen fuelled proton exchange membrane fuel cell . In order to achieve a working fuel cell at low humidity, the sulfonic acid groups of SRGO was employed here to control the water retention of the composite membrane.…”

Section: D Materials For Ion Exchange Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single Layer 2D Crystals for Electrochemical Applications of Ion Exchange Membranes and Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts

Pérez-Page

Sahoo

Holmes

2019

Adv Materials Inter

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to be generated in an environmentally benign manner.Fuel cells are electrochemical devices which convert the chemical energy produced by an electrochemical reaction into electricity. Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are one of the most promising systems, and they have been used for stationary and automobile applications as well as for small scale portable devices. Hydrogen as a fuel and oxygen as an oxidant are the most common reactants used for these fuel cells. Other fuels such as methanol and formic acid are also used in PEMFC. The heart of fuel cells is the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) which is composed of two electrodes, the anode and the cathode, and the electrolyte. The electrolyte is a proton exchange membrane (PEM) which allows protons to pass through from anode to cathode side. The membrane needs to have high proton conductivity, electrical insulation, thermal and mechanical strength; it needs to be light weight, flexible, have low permeability to reactant species, resistance to fuel transport, highly durable and facilitate quick electrode kinetics, suitable for use with different fuels, and low in cost. The electrolyte in a fuel cell has three main functions, to act as ion conductor, electronic insulator, and a separator for the reactant gases. [4] Nafion is the most widely used polymeric membrane in PEMFC. It has a particular structure which requires hydration leading to high proton conductivity. It cannot be used at temperatures beyond 100 °C since the proton conductivity decrease when Nafion is not perfectly hydrated. Another drawback of Nafion is fuel crossover, which is the permeability of the fuel from the anode side to the cathode side leading to a decrease in the efficiency of the fuel cell. This particular problem is more significant in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) which use methanol as a fuel which can easily permeate through Nafion. In all fuels contexts, great efforts have been made to find a new electrolyte membrane which can replace Nafion, and 2D materials can play an important role in this.Graphene is the name given to a flat monolayer of carbon with a 2D honeycomb lattice and is the basic building block for graphitic materials of all other dimensionalities. [5] It has particular properties such as notably high surface area around 2630 m 2 g −1 , [1,6] exceptionally high electrical conductivity, 104.36 S cm −1 , [1,7] high flexural strength, 44.28 MPa, [1,8] and good chemical and thermal stability, [1,9] which make it a potential material for a large number of applications.The isolation of graphene is considered as the beginning of a new generation of 2D materials and 2D crystals. Because of their particular layered structure, with planar topology and a thickness from single to few atomic layers, which provide them with unique properties, 2D material are expected to have important applications in the next generation of energy systems. Electrochemical energy storage devices such as batteries or supercapacitors have already incorporated these materials as electro...

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“…In low current region, the SPAE‐80 membrane showed the higher voltage value compared with that of blend membranes and Nafion 212 membrane, which reveals the membrane was low in Ohmic resistance . However, proton conduction ability will play a more important role in high current region to satisfy the demand for H + in the faster oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) . As a result, the maximum power densities of SPAE‐80, SPAE‐80/Nafion‐25, SPAE‐80/Nafion‐10, and Nafion 212 membranes were 62, 59, 70 and 83 mW cm −2 at 20 °C under 30% RH, respectively (Figure a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether)s in a One‐Pot Polymerization Process and Their Nafion‐Blend Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

Fang

Xu²,

Gao

et al. 2019

ChemistrySelect

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A series of sulfonated poly(arylene ether) (SPAE) was designed and successfully synthesized via one-step polycondensation reaction, then giving flexible, transparent and uniform membranes through solution casting method. The degree of sulfonation (DS) of the yielded polymers, confirmed by 1 H NMR analysis, could be controlled by adjusting the ratio of nonsulfonated to sulfonated monomers, and physicochemical as well as electrochemical properties of the resulting SPAE membranes were systematically characterized. The ion exchange capacity (IEC) value and water uptake were elevated with the increasing of sulfonation of degree without excessive swelling issue. The membranes exhibited good thermal, oxidative and dimensional stability. Among all the SPAE membranes, proton conductivity of SPAE-80 (0.232 S cm À 1 ) is higher than that of Nafion 212 (0.205 S cm À 1 ) at 80°C under 100% relative humidity (RH). In the H 2 /air single cell test, a higher power density of 93 mW cm À 2 was generated for SPAE-80 membrane doped with 10 wt% Nafion at 50°C under 30% RH, whereas 89 mW cm À 2 for the pristine SPAE-80 membrane. The fuel cell durability of SPAE membrane was elevated when doped with Nafion.[a] Z. Fang, Dr.

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Sulfonated reduced graphene oxide as a conductive layer in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) nanocomposite membranes

Cited by 92 publications

References 42 publications

Sulfonated graphene oxide‐doped proton conductive membranes based on polymer blends of highly sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and sulfonated polybenzimidazole

Sulfonated graphene oxide‐doped proton conductive membranes based on polymer blends of highly sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and sulfonated polybenzimidazole

Single Layer 2D Crystals for Electrochemical Applications of Ion Exchange Membranes and Hydrogen Evolution Catalysts

Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether)s in a One‐Pot Polymerization Process and Their Nafion‐Blend Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Applications

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