Sulfonation of poly(ether ether ketone)(PEEK): Kinetic study and characterization

Abstract

Hydrophobic poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) were modified by sulfonation at different temperatures (22, 36, 45, and 55°C) and varying period of time with concentrated sulfuric acid used as solvent. A kinetic study was carried out based on the assumption that sulfonation reaction is a second-order reaction, which takes place preferentially in the aromatic ring between the two ether (OOO) links (the first type substitution), and there is only one substituent attached to each repeat unit of the PEEK before the complete substitution of this preferred aromatic ring. More than 100% substitution was observed in experiment. All the data with substitution degree less than 95% agree fairly well with the kinetic behavior of the second-order reaction. The reaction rate coefficient and activation energy for first type substitution were obtained. The sulfonated PEEK samples were characterized in terms of ion-exchange capacity (IEC), 1 H-NMR, contact angle, and solubility.

Sulfonation of poly(phthalazinones) with fuming sulfuric acid mixtures for proton exchange membrane materials

“…In order to develop cheaper alternatives to perfluorinated ionomer membranes, which may also be free from other disadvantages of these membranes, a number of routes have been described in literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The principal route is the introduction of sulfonic acid groups into high performance polymers such as poly(aryl ether ketones), poly(phenylene oxide), poly(phenylene sulfide), poly(aryl ether sulfone), and polybenzimidazole.…”

Sulfonated fluorinated-aromatic polymers as proton exchange membranes

“…Qing et al (98) synthesized fluorinated sulfonated polybenzimidazoles (sPBI)s, whose structure is shown in Scheme 15 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). The sulfonated polymers showed good solubility in common organic solvents due to the presence of -CF 3 groups.…”

“…These are either by post-sulfonation of the polymers or by directly polymerizing sulfonated monomers. The sulfonation of polymers can be performed by reacting them with acids such as chlorosulfonic acid, trimethylsilyl chlorosulfonate, sulfur trioxide, and the sulfur trioxide-triethyl phosphate complex (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). The choice of sulfonating agent is dependent on the level of reactivity required and on the need for exact control of the degree of sulfonation (DS).…”

Nanostructured Polyelectrolytes Based on SPEEK/TiO2 for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells (DEFCs)

“…PEEK was sulfonated up to a sulfonation degree (SD) of 58% according to literature [29,30] . PEEK (10g) was dried in a vacuum oven at 100 °C overnight.…”